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MontaukOS/kernel/src/Hal/IDT.cpp
T

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11 KiB
C++

/*
* IDT.cpp
* Intel Interrupt Descriptor Table implementation
* Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
*/
#include "IDT.hpp"
#include <Memory/Heap.hpp>
#include <Common/Panic.hpp>
#include <Platform/Registers.hpp>
#include <CppLib/Stream.hpp>
#include <Memory/PageFrameAllocator.hpp>
#include <Sched/Scheduler.hpp>
#include <Sched/CrashReport.hpp>
#include <Api/Heap.hpp>
#include <Hal/SmpBoot.hpp>
#include <Timekeeping/ApicTimer.hpp>
namespace Hal {
constexpr auto InterruptGate = 0x8E;
InterruptDescriptor* IDT;
IDTRStruct IDTR{};
const char* ExceptionStrings[] = {
"Division Error",
"Debug",
"Non-Maskable Interrupt",
"Breakpoint",
"Overflow",
"Bound Rage Exceeded",
"Invalid Opcode",
"Device Not Available",
"Double Fault",
"Coprocessor Segment Overrun",
"Invalid TSS",
"Segment Not Present",
"Stack-Segment Fault",
"General Protection Fault",
"Page Fault",
"Reserved",
"x87 Floating-Point Exception",
"Alignment Check",
"Machine Check",
"SMID Floating-Point Exception",
"Virtualization Exception",
"Control Protection Exception",
"Reserved",
"Reserved",
"Reserved",
"Reserved",
"Reserved",
"Hypervisor Injection Exception",
"VMM Communication Exception",
"Security Exception",
"Reserved",
"Reserved"
};
// Exceptions that push a hardware error code before IP/CS/FLAGS/SP/SS
static bool ExceptionHasErrorCode(uint8_t vector) {
return vector == 8 || (vector >= 10 && vector <= 14)
|| vector == 17 || vector == 21 || vector == 29 || vector == 30;
}
// Extract CS from the interrupt frame. For error-code exceptions, the
// error code sits at offset 0, shifting IP to +8 and CS to +16.
static uint64_t GetExceptionCS(uint8_t vector, System::PanicFrame* frame) {
if (ExceptionHasErrorCode(vector)) {
return *(uint64_t*)((uint8_t*)frame + 16);
}
return frame->CS;
}
static System::PanicFrame* GetExceptionRegs(uint8_t vector, System::PanicFrame* frame) {
if (ExceptionHasErrorCode(vector)) {
return (System::PanicFrame*)((uint8_t*)frame + sizeof(uint64_t));
}
return frame;
}
// Shared fatal-exception path: kill the faulting user process (with a
// crash report) or panic the kernel. `frame` is the RAW interrupt frame
// (error code at offset 0 for vectors that push one). Never returns.
static void HandleFatalException(uint8_t i, System::PanicFrame* frame)
{
uint64_t cs = GetExceptionCS(i, frame);
bool fromUser = (cs & 3) == 3;
// SWAPGS: if from user mode, GS base is user-defined.
// Swap to kernel per-CPU GS base so scheduler calls work.
if (fromUser) asm volatile("swapgs");
// If the fault originated in user-mode (ring 3), kill the process
// instead of panicking the entire system.
if (fromUser && Sched::GetCurrentPid() >= 0) {
// Interrupt gates arrive with IF clear. Full process teardown can
// wait on device completions, sibling CPUs, and wall-clock-bounded
// recovery paths, so leaving IF clear here can stop the BSP clock
// and its local device IRQs indefinitely. GS is already the kernel
// per-CPU base, and timer/IPI scheduling refuses to switch away
// from a ring-0 frame, so nested hardware IRQs are safe now.
asm volatile("sti" ::: "memory");
auto* proc = Sched::GetCurrentProcessPtr();
auto* regs = GetExceptionRegs(i, frame);
Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Exception")
<< ExceptionStrings[i] << " in process \""
<< proc->name << "\" (pid " << proc->pid
<< ") - process terminated";
// Capture crash report
CrashReport::Report rep{};
rep.valid = true;
rep.pid = proc->pid;
int pn;
for (pn = 0; pn < 63 && proc->name[pn]; pn++) rep.processName[pn] = proc->name[pn];
rep.processName[pn] = '\0';
rep.exceptionVector = i;
int en;
for (en = 0; en < 31 && ExceptionStrings[i][en]; en++) rep.exceptionName[en] = ExceptionStrings[i][en];
rep.exceptionName[en] = '\0';
rep.instructionPointer = regs->IP;
rep.codeSegment = regs->CS;
rep.flags = regs->Flags;
rep.stackPointer = regs->SP;
rep.stackSegment = regs->SS;
if (i == 0x0E) {
// Page fault: read CR2 for faulting address
asm volatile("mov %%cr2, %0" : "=r"(rep.faultingAddress));
auto* pf = (System::PageFaultPanicFrame*)frame;
rep.pfPresent = pf->PageFaultError.Present;
rep.pfWrite = pf->PageFaultError.Write;
rep.pfUser = pf->PageFaultError.User;
rep.pfReservedWrite = pf->PageFaultError.ReservedWrite;
rep.pfInstructionFetch = pf->PageFaultError.InstructionFetch;
rep.pfProtectionKey = pf->PageFaultError.ProtectionKey;
rep.pfShadowStack = pf->PageFaultError.ShadowStack;
rep.pfSGX = pf->PageFaultError.SGX;
} else {
rep.faultingAddress = 0;
rep.pfPresent = 0;
rep.pfWrite = 0;
rep.pfUser = 0;
rep.pfReservedWrite = 0;
rep.pfInstructionFetch = 0;
rep.pfProtectionKey = 0;
rep.pfShadowStack = 0;
rep.pfSGX = 0;
}
rep.timestampTick = Timekeeping::GetTicks();
CrashReport::AddReport(rep);
Sched::SpawnCrashPad(proc->pid);
// Record a killed-by-signal exit code (256+sig) so a parent
// blocked in SYS_WAITPID can tell a crash from a clean exit.
{
int sig = 11; /* SIGSEGV */
if (i == 0x00) sig = 8; /* #DE -> SIGFPE */
else if (i == 0x06) sig = 4; /* #UD -> SIGILL */
else if (i == 0x10 || i == 0x13) sig = 8; /* x87/SIMD FP */
Sched::SetProcessExitCode(proc->pid, 256 + sig);
}
Sched::ExitProcess();
__builtin_unreachable();
} else {
frame->InterruptVector = i;
Panic(ExceptionStrings[i], frame);
}
// Unreachable in practice (user faults exit, kernel faults panic),
// but balance the SWAPGS for correctness.
if (fromUser) asm volatile("swapgs");
}
template<size_t i>
__attribute__((interrupt)) void ExceptionHandler(System::PanicFrame* frame)
{
HandleFatalException(i, frame);
}
// Page faults get a dedicated handler with the proper error-code
// signature (so GCC pops the error code before IRET) because, unlike
// the generic handler, this one can RETURN: a non-present fault in the
// user stack growth region maps a fresh zeroed page and retries the
// faulting instruction. With the two-argument form, `frame` points past
// the error code, directly at the saved IP.
__attribute__((interrupt)) void PageFaultHandler(System::PanicFrame* frame, uint64_t errorCode)
{
bool fromUser = (frame->CS & 3) == 3;
if (fromUser) asm volatile("swapgs");
auto* cpu = Smp::TryGetCurrentCpuData();
uint64_t cr2;
asm volatile("mov %%cr2, %0" : "=r"(cr2));
// Bit 0 of the error code: 0 = non-present page. Covers both user
// pushes past the mapped stack and kernel accesses to not-yet-grown
// user stack buffers passed into syscalls.
if ((errorCode & 1) == 0 && cpu != nullptr && cpu->currentSlot >= 0
&& Sched::GetCurrentPid() >= 0) {
if (montauk::abi::TryHandleAnonymousPageFault(cr2, errorCode) ||
Sched::TryGrowUserStack(cr2)) {
if (fromUser) asm volatile("swapgs");
return;
}
}
// Not a growable fault. Hand the RAW frame (error code at offset 0)
// to the fatal path, which re-derives fromUser and swaps GS itself.
if (fromUser) asm volatile("swapgs");
HandleFatalException(0x0E, (System::PanicFrame*)((uint8_t*)frame - 8));
}
void LoadIDT(IDTRStruct& idtr) {
asm("lidt %0" : : "m"(idtr));
}
InterruptDescriptor* GetInterruptDescriptor(size_t index) {
InterruptDescriptor* descriptor = (InterruptDescriptor*)(IDTR.Base + index * sizeof(InterruptDescriptor));
return descriptor;
}
uint64_t GetHandlerAddress(InterruptDescriptor* descriptor) {
uint64_t result{};
result |= (uint64_t)descriptor->Offset1;
result |= (uint64_t)descriptor->Offset2 << 16;
result |= (uint64_t)descriptor->Offset3 << 32;
return result;
}
void IDTEncodeInterrupt(size_t i, void* handler, uint8_t type_attr, uint8_t ist) {
uint64_t offset = (uint64_t)handler;
auto ptr = GetInterruptDescriptor(i);
*ptr = InterruptDescriptor {
.Offset1 = (uint16_t)(offset & 0x000000000000ffff),
.Selector = 0x08,
.IST = ist,
.TypeAttributes = type_attr,
.Offset2 = (uint16_t)((offset & 0x00000000ffff0000) >> 16),
.Offset3 = (uint32_t)((offset & 0xffffffff00000000) >> 32),
.Zero = 0x00
};
}
template<int I, int N>
struct SetHandler {
static void run() {
// Use IST1 for NMI (2) and Double Fault (8) so they get a
// known-good stack even if the kernel stack has overflowed.
uint8_t ist = (I == 2 || I == 8) ? 1 : 0;
// Vector 14 uses the dedicated page fault handler (stack growth).
void* handler = (I == 14) ? (void*)PageFaultHandler
: (void*)ExceptionHandler<I>;
IDTEncodeInterrupt(I, handler, InterruptGate, ist);
SetHandler<I+1,N>::run();
}
};
template<int N>
struct SetHandler<N,N> {static void run() {}};
void IDTInitialize() {
IDT = (InterruptDescriptor*)Memory::g_pfa->Allocate();
Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::DEBUG, "IDT") << "Allocated IDT at " << base::hex << (uint64_t)IDT;
IDTR.Limit = (256 * sizeof(InterruptDescriptor)) - 1;
IDTR.Base = (uint64_t)IDT;
Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::DEBUG, "IDT") << "Set IDTR Base to " << base::hex << IDTR.Base << " and Limit to " << base::hex << IDTR.Limit;
SetHandler<0, 32>::run();
Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "Hal") << "Created exception interrupt vectors";
LoadIDT(IDTR);
Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "Hal") << "Loaded new IDT";
}
void IDTReload() {
LoadIDT(IDTR);
}
};