feat: Desktop improvements

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ programs/bin/
 programs/obj/
 programs/src/doom/obj/
 programs/gui/icons/
+programs/src/desktop/obj/

kernel/src/Drivers/PS2/Mouse.cpp

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace Drivers::PS2::Mouse {
         g_State.X += deltaX;
         g_State.Y += deltaY;
         g_State.Buttons = buttons;
-        g_State.ScrollDelta = scrollDelta;
+        g_State.ScrollDelta += scrollDelta;
 
         // Clamp to screen bounds
         if (g_State.X < 0) g_State.X = 0;
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@ namespace Drivers::PS2::Mouse {
     MouseState GetMouseState() {
         g_StateLock.Acquire();
         MouseState state = g_State;
+        g_State.ScrollDelta = 0;  // clear after read so deltas don't repeat
         g_StateLock.Release();
         return state;
     }
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@ namespace Drivers::PS2::Mouse {
         g_State.X += (int32_t)deltaX;
         g_State.Y += (int32_t)deltaY;
         g_State.Buttons = buttons;
-        g_State.ScrollDelta = (int32_t)scroll;
+        g_State.ScrollDelta += (int32_t)scroll;
 
         // Clamp to screen bounds
         if (g_State.X < 0) g_State.X = 0;

programs/include/gui/canvas.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+    * canvas.hpp
+    * ZenithOS Canvas — drawing primitives for pixel buffer (uint32_t*) targets
+    * Mirrors Framebuffer API but operates directly on app content buffers.
+    * Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+#include "gui/gui.hpp"
+#include "gui/font.hpp"
+#include "gui/svg.hpp"
+#include "gui/window.hpp"
+
+namespace gui {
+
+struct Canvas {
+    uint32_t* pixels;
+    int w, h;
+
+    // ---- Constructors ----
+
+    Canvas(uint32_t* px, int width, int height)
+        : pixels(px), w(width), h(height) {}
+
+    Canvas(Window* win)
+        : pixels(win->content), w(win->content_w), h(win->content_h) {}
+
+    // ---- Core drawing ----
+
+    void fill(Color c) {
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        int total = w * h;
+        for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) pixels[i] = px;
+    }
+
+    void put_pixel(int x, int y, Color c) {
+        if (x >= 0 && x < w && y >= 0 && y < h)
+            pixels[y * w + x] = c.to_pixel();
+    }
+
+    void fill_rect(int x, int y, int rw, int rh, Color c) {
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        int x0 = gui_max(x, 0), y0 = gui_max(y, 0);
+        int x1 = gui_min(x + rw, w), y1 = gui_min(y + rh, h);
+        for (int dy = y0; dy < y1; dy++)
+            for (int dx = x0; dx < x1; dx++)
+                pixels[dy * w + dx] = px;
+    }
+
+    void fill_rounded_rect(int x, int y, int rw, int rh, int radius, Color c) {
+        if (radius <= 0) { fill_rect(x, y, rw, rh, c); return; }
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        for (int row = 0; row < rh; row++) {
+            int dy = y + row;
+            if (dy < 0 || dy >= h) continue;
+            for (int col = 0; col < rw; col++) {
+                int dx = x + col;
+                if (dx < 0 || dx >= w) continue;
+                bool in_corner = false;
+                int cx_off = 0, cy_off = 0;
+                if (col < radius && row < radius) {
+                    cx_off = radius - col; cy_off = radius - row; in_corner = true;
+                } else if (col >= rw - radius && row < radius) {
+                    cx_off = col - (rw - radius - 1); cy_off = radius - row; in_corner = true;
+                } else if (col < radius && row >= rh - radius) {
+                    cx_off = radius - col; cy_off = row - (rh - radius - 1); in_corner = true;
+                } else if (col >= rw - radius && row >= rh - radius) {
+                    cx_off = col - (rw - radius - 1); cy_off = row - (rh - radius - 1); in_corner = true;
+                }
+                if (in_corner && cx_off * cx_off + cy_off * cy_off > radius * radius) continue;
+                pixels[dy * w + dx] = px;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void hline(int x, int y, int len, Color c) {
+        if (y < 0 || y >= h) return;
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        int x0 = gui_max(x, 0), x1 = gui_min(x + len, w);
+        for (int dx = x0; dx < x1; dx++)
+            pixels[y * w + dx] = px;
+    }
+
+    void vline(int x, int y, int len, Color c) {
+        if (x < 0 || x >= w) return;
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        int y0 = gui_max(y, 0), y1 = gui_min(y + len, h);
+        for (int dy = y0; dy < y1; dy++)
+            pixels[dy * w + x] = px;
+    }
+
+    void rect(int x, int y, int rw, int rh, Color c) {
+        hline(x, y, rw, c);
+        hline(x, y + rh - 1, rw, c);
+        vline(x, y, rh, c);
+        vline(x + rw - 1, y, rh, c);
+    }
+
+    // ---- Text ----
+
+    void text(int x, int y, const char* str, Color c) {
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        for (int i = 0; str[i] && x + (i + 1) * FONT_WIDTH <= w; i++) {
+            const uint8_t* glyph = &font_data[(unsigned char)str[i] * FONT_HEIGHT];
+            int cx = x + i * FONT_WIDTH;
+            for (int fy = 0; fy < FONT_HEIGHT && y + fy < h; fy++) {
+                uint8_t bits = glyph[fy];
+                for (int fx = 0; fx < FONT_WIDTH; fx++) {
+                    if (bits & (0x80 >> fx)) {
+                        int dx = cx + fx;
+                        int dy = y + fy;
+                        if (dx >= 0 && dx < w && dy >= 0)
+                            pixels[dy * w + dx] = px;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void text_2x(int x, int y, const char* str, Color c) {
+        uint32_t px = c.to_pixel();
+        for (int i = 0; str[i] && x + (i + 1) * FONT_WIDTH * 2 <= w; i++) {
+            const uint8_t* glyph = &font_data[(unsigned char)str[i] * FONT_HEIGHT];
+            int cx = x + i * FONT_WIDTH * 2;
+            for (int fy = 0; fy < FONT_HEIGHT; fy++) {
+                uint8_t bits = glyph[fy];
+                for (int fx = 0; fx < FONT_WIDTH; fx++) {
+                    if (bits & (0x80 >> fx)) {
+                        int dx = cx + fx * 2;
+                        int dy = y + fy * 2;
+                        for (int sy = 0; sy < 2; sy++)
+                            for (int sx = 0; sx < 2; sx++) {
+                                int pdx = dx + sx;
+                                int pdy = dy + sy;
+                                if (pdx >= 0 && pdx < w && pdy >= 0 && pdy < h)
+                                    pixels[pdy * w + pdx] = px;
+                            }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- Icons ----
+
+    void icon(int x, int y, const SvgIcon& ic) {
+        if (!ic.pixels) return;
+        for (int row = 0; row < ic.height; row++) {
+            int dy = y + row;
+            if (dy < 0 || dy >= h) continue;
+            for (int col = 0; col < ic.width; col++) {
+                int dx = x + col;
+                if (dx < 0 || dx >= w) continue;
+                uint32_t src = ic.pixels[row * ic.width + col];
+                uint8_t sa = (src >> 24) & 0xFF;
+                if (sa == 0) continue;
+                if (sa == 255) {
+                    pixels[dy * w + dx] = src;
+                } else {
+                    uint32_t dst = pixels[dy * w + dx];
+                    uint8_t sr = (src >> 16) & 0xFF;
+                    uint8_t sg = (src >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                    uint8_t sb = src & 0xFF;
+                    uint8_t dr = (dst >> 16) & 0xFF;
+                    uint8_t dg = (dst >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                    uint8_t db = dst & 0xFF;
+                    uint32_t a = sa, inv_a = 255 - sa;
+                    uint32_t rr = (a * sr + inv_a * dr + 128) / 255;
+                    uint32_t gg = (a * sg + inv_a * dg + 128) / 255;
+                    uint32_t bb = (a * sb + inv_a * db + 128) / 255;
+                    pixels[dy * w + dx] = 0xFF000000 | (rr << 16) | (gg << 8) | bb;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- High-level helpers ----
+
+    void kv_line(int x, int* y, const char* line, Color c, int line_h = FONT_HEIGHT + 6) {
+        text(x, *y, line, c);
+        *y += line_h;
+    }
+
+    void separator(int x_start, int x_end, int* y, Color c, int spacing = 8) {
+        hline(x_start, *y, x_end - x_start, c);
+        *y += spacing;
+    }
+
+    void button(int x, int y, int bw, int bh, const char* label,
+                Color bg, Color fg, int radius = 4) {
+        fill_rounded_rect(x, y, bw, bh, radius, bg);
+        int tw = text_width(label);
+        int tx = x + (bw - tw) / 2;
+        int ty = y + (bh - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2;
+        text(tx, ty, label, fg);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace gui

programs/include/gui/desktop.hpp

@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ struct DesktopState {
     SvgIcon icon_file_lg;
     SvgIcon icon_exec_lg;
 
+    SvgIcon icon_settings;
+    SvgIcon icon_reboot;
+
+    bool ctx_menu_open;
+    int ctx_menu_x, ctx_menu_y;
+
     bool net_popup_open;
     Zenith::NetCfg cached_net_cfg;
     uint64_t net_cfg_last_poll;

programs/include/gui/draw.hpp

@@ -217,20 +217,175 @@ static constexpr uint16_t cursor_fill[16] = {
     0x0000, // row 15: no fill
 };
 
+// Resize cursor: horizontal double arrow (left-right)
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_h_resize_outline[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x0820, // 0000100000100000
+    0x1830, // 0001100000110000
+    0x3FF8, // 0011111111111000
+    0x7FFC, // 0111111111111100
+    0x3FF8, // 0011111111111000
+    0x1830, // 0001100000110000
+    0x0820, // 0000100000100000
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_h_resize_fill[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x0000,
+    0x0000,
+    0x1FF0, // 0001111111110000
+    0x3FF8, // 0011111111111000
+    0x1FF0, // 0001111111110000
+    0x0000,
+    0x0000,
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+
+// Resize cursor: vertical double arrow (up-down)
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_v_resize_outline[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0700, // 0000011100000000
+    0x0F80, // 0000111110000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0F80, // 0000111110000000
+    0x0700, // 0000011100000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_v_resize_fill[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0700, // 0000011100000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0700, // 0000011100000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+
+// Resize cursor: diagonal NW-SE double arrow
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_nwse_resize_outline[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x7C00, // 0111110000000000
+    0x6000, // 0110000000000000
+    0x5000, // 0101000000000000
+    0x4800, // 0100100000000000
+    0x2400, // 0010010000000000
+    0x1200, // 0001001000000000
+    0x0900, // 0000100100000000
+    0x0480, // 0000010010000000
+    0x0240, // 0000001001000000
+    0x0140, // 0000000101000000
+    0x00C0, // 0000000011000000
+    0x07C0, // 0000011111000000
+    0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_nwse_resize_fill[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x1C00, // 0001110000000000
+    0x2800, // 0010100000000000
+    0x0400, // 0000010000000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0100, // 0000000100000000
+    0x0080, // 0000000010000000
+    0x0040, // 0000000001000000
+    0x0280, // 0000001010000000
+    0x0380, // 0000001110000000
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+
+// Resize cursor: diagonal NE-SW double arrow
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_nesw_resize_outline[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x07C0, // 0000011111000000
+    0x00C0, // 0000000011000000
+    0x0140, // 0000000101000000
+    0x0240, // 0000001001000000
+    0x0480, // 0000010010000000
+    0x0900, // 0000100100000000
+    0x1200, // 0001001000000000
+    0x2400, // 0010010000000000
+    0x4800, // 0100100000000000
+    0x5000, // 0101000000000000
+    0x6000, // 0110000000000000
+    0x7C00, // 0111110000000000
+    0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+static constexpr uint16_t cursor_nesw_resize_fill[16] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+    0x0380, // 0000001110000000
+    0x0280, // 0000001010000000
+    0x0040, // 0000000001000000
+    0x0080, // 0000000010000000
+    0x0100, // 0000000100000000
+    0x0200, // 0000001000000000
+    0x0400, // 0000010000000000
+    0x2800, // 0010100000000000
+    0x1C00, // 0001110000000000
+    0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+};
+
+enum CursorStyle {
+    CURSOR_ARROW = 0,
+    CURSOR_RESIZE_H,    // left-right
+    CURSOR_RESIZE_V,    // up-down
+    CURSOR_RESIZE_NWSE, // diagonal NW-SE
+    CURSOR_RESIZE_NESW, // diagonal NE-SW
+};
+
 // Draw the mouse cursor at (x, y)
-inline void draw_cursor(Framebuffer& fb, int x, int y) {
+inline void draw_cursor(Framebuffer& fb, int x, int y, CursorStyle style = CURSOR_ARROW) {
+    const uint16_t* outline_data = cursor_outline;
+    const uint16_t* fill_data = cursor_fill;
+    int ox = 0, oy = 0; // hotspot offset for centered cursors
+
+    switch (style) {
+    case CURSOR_RESIZE_H:
+        outline_data = cursor_h_resize_outline;
+        fill_data = cursor_h_resize_fill;
+        ox = -8; oy = -8;
+        break;
+    case CURSOR_RESIZE_V:
+        outline_data = cursor_v_resize_outline;
+        fill_data = cursor_v_resize_fill;
+        ox = -8; oy = -8;
+        break;
+    case CURSOR_RESIZE_NWSE:
+        outline_data = cursor_nwse_resize_outline;
+        fill_data = cursor_nwse_resize_fill;
+        ox = -8; oy = -8;
+        break;
+    case CURSOR_RESIZE_NESW:
+        outline_data = cursor_nesw_resize_outline;
+        fill_data = cursor_nesw_resize_fill;
+        ox = -8; oy = -8;
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
     Color black = colors::BLACK;
     Color white = colors::WHITE;
 
     for (int row = 0; row < 16; row++) {
-        uint16_t outline = cursor_outline[row];
+        uint16_t outline = outline_data[row];
-        uint16_t fill = cursor_fill[row];
+        uint16_t fill = fill_data[row];
         for (int col = 0; col < 16; col++) {
             uint16_t mask = (uint16_t)(0x8000 >> col);
             if (outline & mask) {
-                fb.put_pixel(x + col, y + row, black);
+                fb.put_pixel(x + ox + col, y + oy + row, black);
             } else if (fill & mask) {
-                fb.put_pixel(x + col, y + row, white);
+                fb.put_pixel(x + ox + col, y + oy + row, white);
             }
         }
     }

programs/include/gui/window.hpp

@@ -14,11 +14,20 @@ namespace gui {
 
 enum WindowState { WIN_NORMAL, WIN_MINIMIZED, WIN_MAXIMIZED, WIN_CLOSED };
 
+enum ResizeEdge {
+    RESIZE_NONE = 0,
+    RESIZE_LEFT, RESIZE_RIGHT, RESIZE_TOP, RESIZE_BOTTOM,
+    RESIZE_TOP_LEFT, RESIZE_TOP_RIGHT, RESIZE_BOTTOM_LEFT, RESIZE_BOTTOM_RIGHT
+};
+
 static constexpr int TITLEBAR_HEIGHT = 30;
 static constexpr int BORDER_WIDTH = 1;
 static constexpr int SHADOW_SIZE = 3;
 static constexpr int BTN_RADIUS = 6;
 static constexpr int MAX_TITLE_LEN = 64;
+static constexpr int RESIZE_GRAB = 6;
+static constexpr int MIN_WINDOW_W = 120;
+static constexpr int MIN_WINDOW_H = 80;
 
 struct Window;
 using WindowDrawCallback  = void (*)(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb);
@@ -42,6 +51,9 @@ struct Window {
     int drag_offset_x, drag_offset_y;
 
     bool resizing;
+    ResizeEdge resize_edge;
+    Rect resize_start_frame;
+    int resize_start_mx, resize_start_my;
 
     Rect saved_frame;
 

programs/src/desktop/Makefile

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ LDFLAGS := \
 
 # ---- Source files ----
 
-SRCS := main.cpp font_data.cpp app_terminal.cpp app_filemanager.cpp app_sysinfo.cpp app_calculator.cpp app_texteditor.cpp app_klog.cpp app_wiki.cpp
+SRCS := main.cpp font_data.cpp app_terminal.cpp app_filemanager.cpp app_sysinfo.cpp app_calculator.cpp app_texteditor.cpp app_klog.cpp app_wiki.cpp app_settings.cpp
 OBJS := $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(SRCS:.cpp=.o))
 
 # ---- Target ----

programs/src/desktop/app_calculator.cpp

@@ -222,29 +222,21 @@ static void calculator_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     CalcState* cs = (CalcState*)win->app_data;
     if (!cs) return;
 
-    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+    Canvas c(win);
-    int cw = cr.w;
-    int ch = cr.h;
-    uint32_t* pixels = win->content;
 
     // Background
-    uint32_t bg_px = Color::from_rgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0).to_pixel();
+    c.fill(Color::from_rgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0));
-    for (int i = 0; i < cw * ch; i++) pixels[i] = bg_px;
 
     // Display area
-    uint32_t disp_px = Color::from_rgb(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D).to_pixel();
+    c.fill_rect(0, 0, c.w, CALC_DISPLAY_H, Color::from_rgb(0x2D, 0x2D, 0x2D));
-    for (int y = 0; y < CALC_DISPLAY_H && y < ch; y++)
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = disp_px;
 
     // Display text (right-aligned, 2x scale)
-    uint32_t disp_text = colors::WHITE.to_pixel();
     int text_len = zenith::slen(cs->display_str);
     int text_w = text_len * FONT_WIDTH * 2;
-    int tx = cw - text_w - 12;
+    int tx = c.w - text_w - 12;
     int ty = (CALC_DISPLAY_H - FONT_HEIGHT * 2) / 2;
     if (tx < 4) tx = 4;
-    draw_text_to_pixels_2x(pixels, cw, ch, tx, ty, cs->display_str, disp_text);
+    c.text_2x(tx, ty, cs->display_str, colors::WHITE);
 
     // Button grid
     int grid_y = CALC_DISPLAY_H + CALC_BTN_PAD;
@@ -264,30 +256,25 @@ static void calculator_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
             }
 
             // Button color
-            uint32_t btn_px;
+            Color btn_color;
             if (col == 3) {
-                // Operator column: accent blue
+                btn_color = colors::ACCENT;
-                btn_px = colors::ACCENT.to_pixel();
             } else if (row == 0) {
-                // Function row: gray
+                btn_color = Color::from_rgb(0xD0, 0xD0, 0xD0);
-                btn_px = Color::from_rgb(0xD0, 0xD0, 0xD0).to_pixel();
             } else {
-                // Digit buttons: light gray
+                btn_color = Color::from_rgb(0xE8, 0xE8, 0xE8);
-                btn_px = Color::from_rgb(0xE8, 0xE8, 0xE8).to_pixel();
             }
 
             // Draw button
-            for (int dy = 0; dy < CALC_BTN_H && by + dy < ch; dy++)
+            c.fill_rect(bx, by, bw, CALC_BTN_H, btn_color);
-                for (int dx = 0; dx < bw && bx + dx < cw; dx++)
-                    pixels[(by + dy) * cw + (bx + dx)] = btn_px;
 
             // Button text
             const char* label = calc_labels[row][col];
-            uint32_t label_px = (col == 3) ? colors::WHITE.to_pixel() : colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
+            Color label_color = (col == 3) ? colors::WHITE : colors::TEXT_COLOR;
             int label_w = zenith::slen(label) * FONT_WIDTH;
             int lx = bx + (bw - label_w) / 2;
             int ly = by + (CALC_BTN_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2;
-            draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, lx, ly, label, label_px);
+            c.text(lx, ly, label, label_color);
         }
     }
 }

programs/src/desktop/app_filemanager.cpp

@@ -248,24 +248,16 @@ static void filemanager_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     FileManagerState* fm = (FileManagerState*)win->app_data;
     if (!fm) return;
 
-    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+    Canvas c(win);
-    int cw = cr.w;
+    c.fill(colors::WINDOW_BG);
-    int ch = cr.h;
-    uint32_t* pixels = win->content;
-
-    uint32_t bg_px = colors::WINDOW_BG.to_pixel();
-    for (int i = 0; i < cw * ch; i++) pixels[i] = bg_px;
-
-    uint32_t text_px = colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
-    uint32_t sep_px = colors::BORDER.to_pixel();
-    uint32_t toolbar_px = Color::from_rgb(0xF5, 0xF5, 0xF5).to_pixel();
 
+    Color toolbar_color = Color::from_rgb(0xF5, 0xF5, 0xF5);
+    Color btn_bg = Color::from_rgb(0xE8, 0xE8, 0xE8);
+    Color dim = Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88);
     DesktopState* ds = fm->desktop;
 
     // ---- Toolbar (32px) ----
-    for (int y = 0; y < FM_TOOLBAR_H && y < ch; y++)
+    c.fill_rect(0, 0, c.w, FM_TOOLBAR_H, toolbar_color);
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = toolbar_px;
 
     // Toolbar buttons: Back, Forward, Up, Home
     struct ToolBtn { int x; SvgIcon* icon; };
@@ -279,79 +271,53 @@ static void filemanager_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
         int bx = btns[i].x;
         int by = 4;
-        // Button background
+        c.fill_rect(bx, by, 24, 24, btn_bg);
-        uint32_t btn_px = Color::from_rgb(0xE8, 0xE8, 0xE8).to_pixel();
-        for (int dy = 0; dy < 24 && by + dy < ch; dy++)
-            for (int dx = 0; dx < 24 && bx + dx < cw; dx++)
-                pixels[(by + dy) * cw + (bx + dx)] = btn_px;
 
         if (btns[i].icon) {
             int ix = bx + (24 - btns[i].icon->width) / 2;
             int iy = by + (24 - btns[i].icon->height) / 2;
-            blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, ix, iy, *btns[i].icon);
+            c.icon(ix, iy, *btns[i].icon);
         }
     }
 
     // Toggle view button (5th toolbar button)
     {
         int bx = 120, by = 4;
-        uint32_t btn_px = Color::from_rgb(0xE8, 0xE8, 0xE8).to_pixel();
+        c.fill_rect(bx, by, 24, 24, btn_bg);
-        for (int dy = 0; dy < 24 && by + dy < ch; dy++)
-            for (int dx = 0; dx < 24 && bx + dx < cw; dx++)
-                pixels[(by + dy) * cw + (bx + dx)] = btn_px;
-        uint32_t glyph_px = colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
         if (fm->grid_view) {
             // Draw 4 small squares to indicate grid mode
             for (int r = 0; r < 2; r++)
-                for (int c = 0; c < 2; c++)
+                for (int cc = 0; cc < 2; cc++)
-                    for (int dy = 0; dy < 6; dy++)
+                    c.fill_rect(bx + 5 + cc * 8, by + 5 + r * 8, 6, 6, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-                        for (int dx = 0; dx < 6; dx++)
-                            if (by + 5 + r * 8 + dy < ch && bx + 5 + c * 8 + dx < cw)
-                                pixels[(by + 5 + r * 8 + dy) * cw + (bx + 5 + c * 8 + dx)] = glyph_px;
         } else {
             // Draw 3 horizontal lines to indicate list mode
             for (int r = 0; r < 3; r++)
-                for (int dx = 0; dx < 14; dx++)
+                c.fill_rect(bx + 5, by + 5 + r * 5, 14, 2, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-                    for (int dy = 0; dy < 2; dy++)
-                        if (by + 5 + r * 5 + dy < ch && bx + 5 + dx < cw)
-                            pixels[(by + 5 + r * 5 + dy) * cw + (bx + 5 + dx)] = glyph_px;
         }
     }
 
     // Toolbar separator
-    int sep_y = FM_TOOLBAR_H - 1;
+    c.hline(0, FM_TOOLBAR_H - 1, c.w, colors::BORDER);
-    if (sep_y < ch) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[sep_y * cw + x] = sep_px;
-    }
 
     // ---- Path bar ----
     int pathbar_y = FM_TOOLBAR_H;
-    uint32_t pathbar_px = Color::from_rgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0).to_pixel();
+    c.fill_rect(0, pathbar_y, c.w, FM_PATHBAR_H, Color::from_rgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0));
-    for (int y = pathbar_y; y < pathbar_y + FM_PATHBAR_H && y < ch; y++)
+    c.text(8, pathbar_y + 4, fm->current_path, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = pathbar_px;
-
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 8, pathbar_y + 4, fm->current_path, text_px);
 
     // Path bar separator
-    sep_y = pathbar_y + FM_PATHBAR_H - 1;
+    c.hline(0, pathbar_y + FM_PATHBAR_H - 1, c.w, colors::BORDER);
-    if (sep_y < ch) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[sep_y * cw + x] = sep_px;
-    }
 
     if (fm->grid_view) {
         // ---- Grid View ----
         int list_y = FM_TOOLBAR_H + FM_PATHBAR_H;
-        int list_h = ch - list_y;
+        int list_h = c.h - list_y;
-        int cols = (cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W) / FM_GRID_CELL_W;
+        int cols = (c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W) / FM_GRID_CELL_W;
         if (cols < 1) cols = 1;
         int rows = (fm->entry_count + cols - 1) / cols;
         int content_h = rows * FM_GRID_CELL_H;
 
         // Update scrollbar
-        fm->scrollbar.bounds = {cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_y, FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_h};
+        fm->scrollbar.bounds = {c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_y, FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_h};
         fm->scrollbar.content_height = content_h;
         fm->scrollbar.view_height = list_h;
 
@@ -362,32 +328,34 @@ static void filemanager_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
             int cell_y = list_y + row * FM_GRID_CELL_H - fm->scrollbar.scroll_offset;
 
             // Skip if entirely off-screen
-            if (cell_y + FM_GRID_CELL_H <= list_y || cell_y >= ch) continue;
+            if (cell_y + FM_GRID_CELL_H <= list_y || cell_y >= c.h) continue;
 
             // Selection highlight
             if (i == fm->selected) {
-                uint32_t sel_px = colors::MENU_HOVER.to_pixel();
+                int sy = gui_max(cell_y, list_y);
-                for (int y = gui_max(cell_y, list_y); y < gui_min(cell_y + FM_GRID_CELL_H, ch); y++)
+                int sh = gui_min(cell_y + FM_GRID_CELL_H, c.h) - sy;
-                    for (int x = cell_x; x < gui_min(cell_x + FM_GRID_CELL_W, cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W); x++)
+                int sw = gui_min(FM_GRID_CELL_W, c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W - cell_x);
-                        pixels[y * cw + x] = sel_px;
+                if (sh > 0 && sw > 0)
+                    c.fill_rect(cell_x, sy, sw, sh, colors::MENU_HOVER);
             }
 
             // Large icon centered horizontally
             int icon_x = cell_x + (FM_GRID_CELL_W - FM_GRID_ICON) / 2;
             int icon_y = cell_y + FM_GRID_PAD;
             if (ds && fm->entry_types[i] == 1 && ds->icon_folder_lg.pixels) {
-                blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_folder_lg);
+                c.icon(icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_folder_lg);
             } else if (ds && fm->entry_types[i] == 2 && ds->icon_exec_lg.pixels) {
-                blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_exec_lg);
+                c.icon(icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_exec_lg);
             } else if (ds && ds->icon_file_lg.pixels) {
-                blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_file_lg);
+                c.icon(icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_file_lg);
             } else {
-                uint32_t icon_px = fm->is_dir[i]
+                Color icon_c = fm->is_dir[i]
-                    ? Color::from_rgb(0xFF, 0xBD, 0x2E).to_pixel()
+                    ? Color::from_rgb(0xFF, 0xBD, 0x2E)
-                    : Color::from_rgb(0x90, 0x90, 0x90).to_pixel();
+                    : Color::from_rgb(0x90, 0x90, 0x90);
-                for (int dy = 0; dy < FM_GRID_ICON && icon_y + dy < ch && icon_y + dy >= list_y; dy++)
+                int iy_clip = gui_max(icon_y, list_y);
-                    for (int dx = 0; dx < FM_GRID_ICON && icon_x + dx < cw; dx++)
+                int ih_clip = FM_GRID_ICON - (iy_clip - icon_y);
-                        pixels[(icon_y + dy) * cw + (icon_x + dx)] = icon_px;
+                if (ih_clip > 0)
+                    c.fill_rect(icon_x, iy_clip, FM_GRID_ICON, ih_clip, icon_c);
             }
 
             // Filename centered below icon, truncated if needed
@@ -405,52 +373,42 @@ static void filemanager_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
             int tx = cell_x + (FM_GRID_CELL_W - tw) / 2;
             if (tx < cell_x) tx = cell_x;
             int ty = icon_y + FM_GRID_ICON + 2;
-            if (ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= ch)
+            if (ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= c.h)
-                draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, tx, ty, label, text_px);
+                c.text(tx, ty, label, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
         }
     } else {
         // ---- List View ----
 
         // ---- Column headers ----
         int header_y = FM_TOOLBAR_H + FM_PATHBAR_H;
-        uint32_t header_px = Color::from_rgb(0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8).to_pixel();
+        c.fill_rect(0, header_y, c.w, FM_HEADER_H, Color::from_rgb(0xF8, 0xF8, 0xF8));
-        for (int y = header_y; y < header_y + FM_HEADER_H && y < ch; y++)
-            for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-                pixels[y * cw + x] = header_px;
 
-        uint32_t dim_px = Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88).to_pixel();
         int name_col_x = 8;
-        int size_col_x = cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W - 120;
+        int size_col_x = c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W - 120;
-        int type_col_x = cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W - 60;
+        int type_col_x = c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W - 60;
 
-        draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, name_col_x, header_y + 2, "Name", dim_px);
+        c.text(name_col_x, header_y + 2, "Name", dim);
         if (size_col_x > 100)
-            draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, size_col_x, header_y + 2, "Size", dim_px);
+            c.text(size_col_x, header_y + 2, "Size", dim);
         if (type_col_x > 160)
-            draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, type_col_x, header_y + 2, "Type", dim_px);
+            c.text(type_col_x, header_y + 2, "Type", dim);
 
         // Header separator
-        sep_y = header_y + FM_HEADER_H - 1;
+        c.hline(0, header_y + FM_HEADER_H - 1, c.w, colors::BORDER);
-        if (sep_y < ch) {
-            for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-                pixels[sep_y * cw + x] = sep_px;
-        }
 
         // Column separator lines
         if (size_col_x > 100) {
-            for (int y = header_y; y < ch; y++)
+            c.vline(size_col_x - 4, header_y, c.h - header_y, colors::BORDER);
-                if (size_col_x - 4 >= 0 && size_col_x - 4 < cw)
-                    pixels[y * cw + (size_col_x - 4)] = sep_px;
         }
 
         // ---- File entries ----
         int list_y = header_y + FM_HEADER_H;
-        int list_h = ch - list_y;
+        int list_h = c.h - list_y;
         int visible_items = list_h / FM_ITEM_H;
         int content_h = fm->entry_count * FM_ITEM_H;
 
         // Update scrollbar
-        fm->scrollbar.bounds = {cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_y, FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_h};
+        fm->scrollbar.bounds = {c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_y, FM_SCROLLBAR_W, list_h};
         fm->scrollbar.content_height = content_h;
         fm->scrollbar.view_height = list_h;
 
@@ -458,78 +416,73 @@ static void filemanager_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
 
         for (int i = scroll_items; i < fm->entry_count && (i - scroll_items) < visible_items + 1; i++) {
             int iy = list_y + (i - scroll_items) * FM_ITEM_H - (fm->scrollbar.scroll_offset % FM_ITEM_H);
-            if (iy + FM_ITEM_H <= list_y || iy >= ch) continue;
+            if (iy + FM_ITEM_H <= list_y || iy >= c.h) continue;
 
             // Highlight selected
             if (i == fm->selected) {
-                uint32_t sel_px = colors::MENU_HOVER.to_pixel();
+                int sy = gui_max(iy, list_y);
-                for (int y = gui_max(iy, list_y); y < gui_min(iy + FM_ITEM_H, ch); y++)
+                int sh = gui_min(iy + FM_ITEM_H, c.h) - sy;
-                    for (int x = 0; x < cw - FM_SCROLLBAR_W; x++)
+                if (sh > 0)
-                        pixels[y * cw + x] = sel_px;
+                    c.fill_rect(0, sy, c.w - FM_SCROLLBAR_W, sh, colors::MENU_HOVER);
             }
 
             // Icon
-            int icon_x = 8;
+            int ico_x = 8;
-            int icon_y = iy + (FM_ITEM_H - 16) / 2;
+            int ico_y = iy + (FM_ITEM_H - 16) / 2;
             if (ds && fm->entry_types[i] == 1 && ds->icon_folder.pixels) {
-                blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_folder);
+                c.icon(ico_x, ico_y, ds->icon_folder);
             } else if (ds && fm->entry_types[i] == 2 && ds->icon_exec.pixels) {
-                blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_exec);
+                c.icon(ico_x, ico_y, ds->icon_exec);
             } else if (ds && ds->icon_file.pixels) {
-                blit_icon_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, icon_x, icon_y, ds->icon_file);
+                c.icon(ico_x, ico_y, ds->icon_file);
             } else {
-                uint32_t icon_px = fm->is_dir[i]
+                Color icon_c = fm->is_dir[i]
-                    ? Color::from_rgb(0xFF, 0xBD, 0x2E).to_pixel()
+                    ? Color::from_rgb(0xFF, 0xBD, 0x2E)
-                    : Color::from_rgb(0x90, 0x90, 0x90).to_pixel();
+                    : Color::from_rgb(0x90, 0x90, 0x90);
-                for (int dy = 0; dy < 16 && icon_y + dy < ch && icon_y + dy >= list_y; dy++)
+                int iy_clip = gui_max(ico_y, list_y);
-                    for (int dx = 0; dx < 16 && icon_x + dx < cw; dx++)
+                int ih_clip = 16 - (iy_clip - ico_y);
-                        pixels[(icon_y + dy) * cw + (icon_x + dx)] = icon_px;
+                if (ih_clip > 0)
+                    c.fill_rect(ico_x, iy_clip, 16, ih_clip, icon_c);
             }
 
             // Name
             int tx = 30;
             int ty = iy + (FM_ITEM_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2;
-            if (ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= ch)
+            if (ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= c.h)
-                draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, tx, ty, fm->entry_names[i], text_px);
+                c.text(tx, ty, fm->entry_names[i], colors::TEXT_COLOR);
 
             // Size
-            if (size_col_x > 100 && !fm->is_dir[i] && ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= ch) {
+            if (size_col_x > 100 && !fm->is_dir[i] && ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= c.h) {
                 char size_str[16];
                 format_size(size_str, fm->entry_sizes[i]);
-                draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, size_col_x, ty, size_str, dim_px);
+                c.text(size_col_x, ty, size_str, dim);
             }
 
             // Type
-            if (type_col_x > 160 && ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= ch) {
+            if (type_col_x > 160 && ty >= list_y && ty + FONT_HEIGHT <= c.h) {
                 const char* type_str = "File";
                 if (fm->entry_types[i] == 1) type_str = "Dir";
                 else if (fm->entry_types[i] == 2) type_str = "Exec";
-                draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, type_col_x, ty, type_str, dim_px);
+                c.text(type_col_x, ty, type_str, dim);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // ---- Scrollbar ----
-    // Draw scrollbar directly to pixels
     if (fm->scrollbar.content_height > fm->scrollbar.view_height) {
-        uint32_t sb_bg = colors::SCROLLBAR_BG.to_pixel();
+        Color sb_fg_color = (fm->scrollbar.hovered || fm->scrollbar.dragging)
-        uint32_t sb_fg = (fm->scrollbar.hovered || fm->scrollbar.dragging)
+            ? fm->scrollbar.hover_fg : fm->scrollbar.fg;
-            ? fm->scrollbar.hover_fg.to_pixel() : fm->scrollbar.fg.to_pixel();
 
         int sbx = fm->scrollbar.bounds.x;
         int sby = fm->scrollbar.bounds.y;
         int sbw = fm->scrollbar.bounds.w;
         int sbh = fm->scrollbar.bounds.h;
 
-        for (int y = sby; y < sby + sbh && y < ch; y++)
+        c.fill_rect(sbx, sby, sbw, sbh, colors::SCROLLBAR_BG);
-            for (int x = sbx; x < sbx + sbw && x < cw; x++)
-                pixels[y * cw + x] = sb_bg;
 
         int th = fm->scrollbar.thumb_height();
         int tty = fm->scrollbar.thumb_y();
-        for (int y = tty; y < tty + th && y < sby + sbh && y < ch; y++)
+        c.fill_rect(sbx + 1, tty, sbw - 2, th, sb_fg_color);
-            for (int x = sbx + 1; x < sbx + sbw - 1 && x < cw; x++)
-                pixels[y * cw + x] = sb_fg;
     }
 }
 

programs/src/desktop/app_settings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+    * app_settings.cpp
+    * ZenithOS Desktop - About application
+    * Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#include "apps_common.hpp"
+
+// ============================================================================
+// About state and callbacks
+// ============================================================================
+
+struct AboutState {
+    Zenith::SysInfo sys_info;
+    uint64_t uptime_ms;
+};
+
+static void about_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
+    AboutState* st = (AboutState*)win->app_data;
+    if (!st) return;
+
+    st->uptime_ms = zenith::get_milliseconds();
+
+    Canvas c(win);
+    c.fill(colors::WINDOW_BG);
+
+    Color dim = Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88);
+    int x = 16;
+    int y = 20;
+    char line[128];
+    int line_h = FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
+
+    // OS name in 2x size
+    c.text_2x(x, y, st->sys_info.osName, colors::ACCENT);
+    y += FONT_HEIGHT * 2 + 8;
+
+    snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Version %s", st->sys_info.osVersion);
+    c.text(x, y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
+    y += line_h + 8;
+
+    c.hline(x, y, c.w - 2 * x, colors::BORDER);
+    y += 12;
+
+    snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "API version:  %d", (int)st->sys_info.apiVersion);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR, line_h);
+
+    int up_sec = (int)(st->uptime_ms / 1000);
+    int up_min = up_sec / 60;
+    int up_hr = up_min / 60;
+    snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Uptime:       %d:%02d:%02d", up_hr, up_min % 60, up_sec % 60);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR, line_h);
+
+    snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Build:        %s %s", __DATE__, __TIME__);
+    c.text(x, y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
+    y += line_h + 16;
+
+    c.hline(x, y, c.w - 2 * x, colors::BORDER);
+    y += 12;
+
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, "A hobby operating system built from scratch.", dim, line_h);
+    c.text(x, y, "Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Hammer", dim);
+}
+
+static void about_on_close(Window* win) {
+    if (win->app_data) {
+        zenith::mfree(win->app_data);
+        win->app_data = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// About launcher
+// ============================================================================
+
+void open_settings(DesktopState* ds) {
+    int idx = desktop_create_window(ds, "About", 280, 150, 380, 280);
+    if (idx < 0) return;
+
+    Window* win = &ds->windows[idx];
+    AboutState* st = (AboutState*)zenith::malloc(sizeof(AboutState));
+    zenith::memset(st, 0, sizeof(AboutState));
+    zenith::get_info(&st->sys_info);
+    st->uptime_ms = zenith::get_milliseconds();
+
+    win->app_data = st;
+    win->on_draw = about_on_draw;
+    win->on_close = about_on_close;
+}

programs/src/desktop/app_sysinfo.cpp

@@ -20,52 +20,38 @@ static void sysinfo_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     SysInfoState* si = (SysInfoState*)win->app_data;
     if (!si) return;
 
-    // Refresh uptime
     si->uptime_ms = zenith::get_milliseconds();
 
-    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+    Canvas c(win);
-    int cw = cr.w;
+    c.fill(colors::WINDOW_BG);
-    int ch = cr.h;
-    uint32_t* pixels = win->content;
 
-    // Fill background
-    uint32_t bg_px = colors::WINDOW_BG.to_pixel();
-    for (int i = 0; i < cw * ch; i++) pixels[i] = bg_px;
-
-    uint32_t text_px = colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
-    uint32_t accent_px = colors::ACCENT.to_pixel();
     int y = 16;
     int x = 16;
     char line[128];
 
     // Title
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, "System Information", accent_px);
+    c.text(x, y, "System Information", colors::ACCENT);
     y += FONT_HEIGHT + 12;
 
     // Separator
-    uint32_t sep_px = colors::BORDER.to_pixel();
+    c.hline(x, y, c.w - 2 * x, colors::BORDER);
-    for (int sx = x; sx < cw - x && y < ch; sx++)
-        pixels[y * cw + sx] = sep_px;
     y += 8;
 
     // OS Name
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "OS:       %s", si->sys_info.osName);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // OS Version
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Version:  %s", si->sys_info.osVersion);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // API Version
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "API:      %d", (int)si->sys_info.apiVersion);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // Max Processes
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Max PIDs: %d", (int)si->sys_info.maxProcesses);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.text(x, y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
     y += FONT_HEIGHT + 12;
 
     // Uptime
@@ -73,15 +59,14 @@ static void sysinfo_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     int up_min = up_sec / 60;
     int up_hr = up_min / 60;
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Uptime:   %d:%02d:%02d", up_hr, up_min % 60, up_sec % 60);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.text(x, y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
     y += FONT_HEIGHT + 12;
 
     // Network section
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, "Network", accent_px);
+    c.text(x, y, "Network", colors::ACCENT);
     y += FONT_HEIGHT + 8;
 
-    for (int sx = x; sx < cw - x && y < ch; sx++)
+    c.hline(x, y, c.w - 2 * x, colors::BORDER);
-        pixels[y * cw + sx] = sep_px;
     y += 8;
 
     // IP Address
@@ -89,39 +74,35 @@ static void sysinfo_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "IP:       %d.%d.%d.%d",
         (int)(ip & 0xFF), (int)((ip >> 8) & 0xFF),
         (int)((ip >> 16) & 0xFF), (int)((ip >> 24) & 0xFF));
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // Subnet
     uint32_t mask = si->net_cfg.subnetMask;
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Subnet:   %d.%d.%d.%d",
         (int)(mask & 0xFF), (int)((mask >> 8) & 0xFF),
         (int)((mask >> 16) & 0xFF), (int)((mask >> 24) & 0xFF));
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // Gateway
     uint32_t gw = si->net_cfg.gateway;
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "Gateway:  %d.%d.%d.%d",
         (int)(gw & 0xFF), (int)((gw >> 8) & 0xFF),
         (int)((gw >> 16) & 0xFF), (int)((gw >> 24) & 0xFF));
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // DNS
     uint32_t dns = si->net_cfg.dnsServer;
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "DNS:      %d.%d.%d.%d",
         (int)(dns & 0xFF), (int)((dns >> 8) & 0xFF),
         (int)((dns >> 16) & 0xFF), (int)((dns >> 24) & 0xFF));
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.kv_line(x, &y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    y += FONT_HEIGHT + 6;
 
     // MAC Address
     snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "MAC:      %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x",
         (unsigned)si->net_cfg.macAddress[0], (unsigned)si->net_cfg.macAddress[1],
         (unsigned)si->net_cfg.macAddress[2], (unsigned)si->net_cfg.macAddress[3],
         (unsigned)si->net_cfg.macAddress[4], (unsigned)si->net_cfg.macAddress[5]);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, x, y, line, text_px);
+    c.text(x, y, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
 }
 
 static void sysinfo_on_close(Window* win) {

programs/src/desktop/app_texteditor.cpp

@@ -287,38 +287,24 @@ static void texteditor_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     TextEditorState* te = (TextEditorState*)win->app_data;
     if (!te) return;
 
-    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+    Canvas c(win);
-    int cw = cr.w;
+    c.fill(colors::WINDOW_BG);
-    int ch = cr.h;
-    uint32_t* pixels = win->content;
 
-    // Background
+    int text_area_h = c.h - TE_STATUS_H;
-    uint32_t bg_px = colors::WINDOW_BG.to_pixel();
-    for (int i = 0; i < cw * ch; i++) pixels[i] = bg_px;
-
-    int text_area_h = ch - TE_STATUS_H;
     int visible_lines = text_area_h / FONT_HEIGHT;
 
     te_ensure_cursor_visible(te, visible_lines);
 
     // Line number gutter background
-    uint32_t gutter_px = Color::from_rgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0).to_pixel();
+    c.fill_rect(0, 0, TE_LINE_NUM_W, text_area_h, Color::from_rgb(0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0));
-    for (int y = 0; y < text_area_h && y < ch; y++)
-        for (int x = 0; x < TE_LINE_NUM_W && x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = gutter_px;
 
     // Gutter separator
-    uint32_t sep_px = colors::BORDER.to_pixel();
+    c.vline(TE_LINE_NUM_W, 0, text_area_h, colors::BORDER);
-    if (TE_LINE_NUM_W < cw) {
-        for (int y = 0; y < text_area_h && y < ch; y++)
-            pixels[y * cw + TE_LINE_NUM_W] = sep_px;
-    }
 
     // Draw lines
+    Color linenum_color = Color::from_rgb(0x99, 0x99, 0x99);
+    Color cursor_line_color = Color::from_rgb(0xFF, 0xFD, 0xE8);
     uint32_t text_px = colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
-    uint32_t linenum_px = Color::from_rgb(0x99, 0x99, 0x99).to_pixel();
-    uint32_t cursor_line_px = Color::from_rgb(0xFF, 0xFD, 0xE8).to_pixel();
-    uint32_t cursor_px = colors::ACCENT.to_pixel();
 
     int text_start_x = TE_LINE_NUM_W + 4;
 
@@ -331,36 +317,36 @@ static void texteditor_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
 
         // Cursor line highlighting
         if (line == te->cursor_line) {
-            for (int y = py; y < py + FONT_HEIGHT && y < text_area_h; y++)
+            int hl_h = gui_min(FONT_HEIGHT, text_area_h - py);
-                for (int x = TE_LINE_NUM_W + 1; x < cw; x++)
+            if (hl_h > 0)
-                    pixels[y * cw + x] = cursor_line_px;
+                c.fill_rect(TE_LINE_NUM_W + 1, py, c.w - TE_LINE_NUM_W - 1, hl_h, cursor_line_color);
         }
 
         // Line number
         char num_str[8];
         snprintf(num_str, 8, "%4d", line + 1);
-        draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 4, py, num_str, linenum_px);
+        c.text(4, py, num_str, linenum_color);
 
-        // Line text
+        // Line text (per-character rendering with horizontal scroll clipping)
         int line_start = te->line_offsets[line];
         int line_len = te_line_length(te, line);
 
         for (int ci = 0; ci < line_len; ci++) {
             int px = text_start_x + ci * FONT_WIDTH - te->scroll_x;
             if (px + FONT_WIDTH <= TE_LINE_NUM_W + 1) continue;
-            if (px >= cw) break;
+            if (px >= c.w) break;
 
-            char c = te->buffer[line_start + ci];
+            char ch = te->buffer[line_start + ci];
-            if (c >= 32 || c < 0) {
+            if (ch >= 32 || ch < 0) {
-                const uint8_t* glyph = &font_data[(unsigned char)c * FONT_HEIGHT];
+                const uint8_t* glyph = &font_data[(unsigned char)ch * FONT_HEIGHT];
                 for (int fy = 0; fy < FONT_HEIGHT && py + fy < text_area_h; fy++) {
                     uint8_t bits = glyph[fy];
                     for (int fx = 0; fx < FONT_WIDTH; fx++) {
                         if (bits & (0x80 >> fx)) {
                             int dx = px + fx;
                             int dy = py + fy;
-                            if (dx > TE_LINE_NUM_W && dx < cw && dy >= 0 && dy < text_area_h)
+                            if (dx > TE_LINE_NUM_W && dx < c.w && dy >= 0 && dy < text_area_h)
-                                pixels[dy * cw + dx] = text_px;
+                                c.pixels[dy * c.w + dx] = text_px;
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -370,24 +356,17 @@ static void texteditor_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
         // Draw cursor
         if (line == te->cursor_line) {
             int cx = text_start_x + te->cursor_col * FONT_WIDTH - te->scroll_x;
-            if (cx > TE_LINE_NUM_W && cx + 2 <= cw) {
+            if (cx > TE_LINE_NUM_W && cx + 2 <= c.w) {
-                for (int y = py; y < py + FONT_HEIGHT && y < text_area_h; y++) {
+                int cur_h = gui_min(FONT_HEIGHT, text_area_h - py);
-                    pixels[y * cw + cx] = cursor_px;
+                if (cur_h > 0)
-                    if (cx + 1 < cw)
+                    c.fill_rect(cx, py, 2, cur_h, colors::ACCENT);
-                        pixels[y * cw + cx + 1] = cursor_px;
-                }
             }
         }
     }
 
     // ---- Status bar ----
-    int status_y = ch - TE_STATUS_H;
+    int status_y = c.h - TE_STATUS_H;
-    uint32_t status_bg = Color::from_rgb(0x2B, 0x3E, 0x50).to_pixel();
+    c.fill_rect(0, status_y, c.w, TE_STATUS_H, Color::from_rgb(0x2B, 0x3E, 0x50));
-    uint32_t status_fg = colors::PANEL_TEXT.to_pixel();
-
-    for (int y = status_y; y < ch; y++)
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = status_bg;
 
     // Filename + modified flag
     char status_left[128];
@@ -396,16 +375,13 @@ static void texteditor_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     } else {
         snprintf(status_left, 128, " Untitled%s", te->modified ? " [modified]" : "");
     }
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 4, status_y + (TE_STATUS_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2,
+    c.text(4, status_y + (TE_STATUS_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2, status_left, colors::PANEL_TEXT);
-                        status_left, status_fg);
 
     // Cursor position (right side)
     char status_right[32];
     snprintf(status_right, 32, "Ln %d, Col %d ", te->cursor_line + 1, te->cursor_col + 1);
     int sr_w = zenith::slen(status_right) * FONT_WIDTH;
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, cw - sr_w - 4,
+    c.text(c.w - sr_w - 4, status_y + (TE_STATUS_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2, status_right, colors::PANEL_TEXT);
-                        status_y + (TE_STATUS_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2,
-                        status_right, status_fg);
 }
 
 // ============================================================================

programs/src/desktop/app_wiki.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ static constexpr int WIKI_SCROLLBAR_W  = 12;
 
 struct WikiDisplayLine {
     char text[256];
-    uint32_t color;
+    Color color;
 };
 
 struct WikiState {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ static int wiki_extract_json_string(const char* buf, int len, const char* key,
 // Display line building (word-wrap adapted for pixel widths)
 // ============================================================================
 
-static void wiki_add_line(WikiState* ws, const char* text, int len, uint32_t color) {
+static void wiki_add_line(WikiState* ws, const char* text, int len, Color color) {
     if (ws->lineCount >= ws->lineCap) return;
     WikiDisplayLine* dl = &ws->lines[ws->lineCount];
     int copyLen = len;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ static void wiki_add_line(WikiState* ws, const char* text, int len, uint32_t col
 }
 
 static void wiki_wrap_text(WikiState* ws, const char* text, int textLen,
-                           int maxChars, uint32_t color) {
+                           int maxChars, Color color) {
     if (textLen <= 0 || maxChars <= 0) return;
     const char* p = text;
     const char* end = text + textLen;
@@ -171,18 +171,18 @@ static void wiki_build_display(WikiState* ws, const char* title,
     int maxChars = (contentW - 24 - WIKI_SCROLLBAR_W) / FONT_WIDTH;
     if (maxChars < 20) maxChars = 20;
 
-    uint32_t accent_px = colors::ACCENT.to_pixel();
+    Color accent_c = colors::ACCENT;
-    uint32_t green_px = Color::from_rgb(0x2E, 0x7D, 0x32).to_pixel();
+    Color green_c = Color::from_rgb(0x2E, 0x7D, 0x32);
-    uint32_t text_px = colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
+    Color text_c = colors::TEXT_COLOR;
 
     // Title
     if (title && title[0]) {
-        wiki_wrap_text(ws, title, slen(title), maxChars, accent_px);
+        wiki_wrap_text(ws, title, slen(title), maxChars, accent_c);
     }
 
     // Blank separator
     if (ws->lineCount > 0)
-        wiki_add_line(ws, "", 0, text_px);
+        wiki_add_line(ws, "", 0, text_c);
 
     // Process extract line by line
     const char* p = extract;
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ static void wiki_build_display(WikiState* ws, const char* title,
         if (p < end) p++;
 
         if (lineLen == 0) {
-            wiki_add_line(ws, "", 0, text_px);
+            wiki_add_line(ws, "", 0, text_c);
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -208,20 +208,20 @@ static void wiki_build_display(WikiState* ws, const char* title,
             while (ei > si && lineStart[ei - 1] == '=') ei--;
             while (ei > si && lineStart[ei - 1] == ' ') ei--;
 
-            wiki_add_line(ws, "", 0, text_px);
+            wiki_add_line(ws, "", 0, text_c);
             if (ei > si) {
                 char secBuf[256];
                 int secLen = ei - si;
                 if (secLen > 255) secLen = 255;
                 for (int i = 0; i < secLen; i++) secBuf[i] = lineStart[si + i];
                 secBuf[secLen] = '\0';
-                wiki_add_line(ws, secBuf, secLen, green_px);
+                wiki_add_line(ws, secBuf, secLen, green_c);
             }
             continue;
         }
 
         // Regular text
-        wiki_wrap_text(ws, lineStart, lineLen, maxChars, text_px);
+        wiki_wrap_text(ws, lineStart, lineLen, maxChars, text_c);
     }
 }
 
@@ -280,111 +280,68 @@ static void wiki_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
     WikiState* ws = (WikiState*)win->app_data;
     if (!ws) return;
 
-    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+    Canvas c(win);
-    int cw = cr.w;
+    c.fill(colors::WINDOW_BG);
-    int ch = cr.h;
-    uint32_t* pixels = win->content;
-
-    // Fill background
-    uint32_t bg_px = colors::WINDOW_BG.to_pixel();
-    for (int i = 0; i < cw * ch; i++) pixels[i] = bg_px;
 
     // ---- Toolbar background ----
-    uint32_t toolbar_bg = Color::from_rgb(0xF5, 0xF5, 0xF5).to_pixel();
+    c.fill_rect(0, 0, c.w, WIKI_TOOLBAR_H, Color::from_rgb(0xF5, 0xF5, 0xF5));
-    for (int y = 0; y < WIKI_TOOLBAR_H && y < ch; y++)
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = toolbar_bg;
 
     // Toolbar separator line
-    uint32_t sep_px = colors::BORDER.to_pixel();
+    c.hline(0, WIKI_TOOLBAR_H, c.w, colors::BORDER);
-    if (WIKI_TOOLBAR_H < ch)
-        for (int x = 0; x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[WIKI_TOOLBAR_H * cw + x] = sep_px;
 
     // ---- Draw search box outline ----
     int tb_x = 8;
     int tb_y = 6;
-    int tb_w = cw - 90;
+    int tb_w = c.w - 90;
     int tb_h = 24;
     if (tb_w < 100) tb_w = 100;
 
-    // TextBox background
+    // TextBox background + border
-    uint32_t white_px = colors::WHITE.to_pixel();
+    c.fill_rect(tb_x, tb_y, tb_w, tb_h, colors::WHITE);
-    uint32_t border_px = colors::BORDER.to_pixel();
+    c.rect(tb_x, tb_y, tb_w, tb_h, colors::BORDER);
-    for (int y = tb_y; y < tb_y + tb_h && y < ch; y++)
-        for (int x = tb_x; x < tb_x + tb_w && x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = white_px;
-    // Border
-    for (int x = tb_x; x < tb_x + tb_w && x < cw; x++) {
-        if (tb_y < ch) pixels[tb_y * cw + x] = border_px;
-        if (tb_y + tb_h - 1 < ch) pixels[(tb_y + tb_h - 1) * cw + x] = border_px;
-    }
-    for (int y = tb_y; y < tb_y + tb_h && y < ch; y++) {
-        if (tb_x < cw) pixels[y * cw + tb_x] = border_px;
-        if (tb_x + tb_w - 1 < cw) pixels[y * cw + (tb_x + tb_w - 1)] = border_px;
-    }
 
     // Search text
-    uint32_t text_px = colors::TEXT_COLOR.to_pixel();
+    c.text(tb_x + 4, tb_y + (tb_h - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2, ws->searchQuery, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, tb_x + 4, tb_y + (tb_h - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2,
-                        ws->searchQuery, text_px);
 
     // ---- Search button ----
     int btn_x = tb_x + tb_w + 6;
     int btn_y = tb_y;
     int btn_w = 66;
     int btn_h = tb_h;
-    uint32_t accent_px = colors::ACCENT.to_pixel();
+    c.button(btn_x, btn_y, btn_w, btn_h, "Search", colors::ACCENT, colors::WHITE, 0);
-    for (int y = btn_y; y < btn_y + btn_h && y < ch; y++)
-        for (int x = btn_x; x < btn_x + btn_w && x < cw; x++)
-            pixels[y * cw + x] = accent_px;
-    // Button text
-    uint32_t white_text = colors::WHITE.to_pixel();
-    const char* btnLabel = "Search";
-    int labelW = zenith::slen(btnLabel) * FONT_WIDTH;
-    draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch,
-                        btn_x + (btn_w - labelW) / 2,
-                        btn_y + (btn_h - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2,
-                        btnLabel, white_text);
 
     // ---- Content area ----
     int content_y = WIKI_TOOLBAR_H + 1;
-    int content_h = ch - content_y;
+    int content_h = c.h - content_y;
     int visibleLines = content_h / (FONT_HEIGHT + 4);
     if (visibleLines < 1) visibleLines = 1;
 
     if (ws->mode == WikiState::FETCHING) {
-        draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 16, content_y + 16,
+        c.text(16, content_y + 16, "Loading...", Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88));
-                            "Loading...", Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88).to_pixel());
     } else if (ws->mode == WikiState::WIKI_ERROR) {
-        draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 16, content_y + 16,
+        c.text(16, content_y + 16, ws->statusMsg, colors::CLOSE_BTN);
-                            ws->statusMsg, colors::CLOSE_BTN.to_pixel());
     } else if (ws->mode == WikiState::IDLE) {
-        draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 16, content_y + 16,
+        c.text(16, content_y + 16,
-                            "Type a topic and press Enter or click Search.",
+            "Type a topic and press Enter or click Search.",
-                            Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88).to_pixel());
+            Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88));
     } else if (ws->mode == WikiState::DONE && ws->lineCount > 0) {
         int y = content_y + 8;
         int lineH = FONT_HEIGHT + 4;
-        for (int i = ws->scrollY; i < ws->lineCount && y + FONT_HEIGHT < ch; i++) {
+        for (int i = ws->scrollY; i < ws->lineCount && y + FONT_HEIGHT < c.h; i++) {
             WikiDisplayLine* dl = &ws->lines[i];
             if (dl->text[0] != '\0') {
-                draw_text_to_pixels(pixels, cw, ch, 12, y, dl->text, dl->color);
+                c.text(12, y, dl->text, dl->color);
             }
             y += lineH;
         }
 
         // ---- Scrollbar ----
         if (ws->lineCount > visibleLines) {
-            int sb_x = cw - WIKI_SCROLLBAR_W;
+            int sb_x = c.w - WIKI_SCROLLBAR_W;
             int sb_y = content_y;
             int sb_h = content_h;
 
-            // Scrollbar track
+            c.fill_rect(sb_x, sb_y, WIKI_SCROLLBAR_W, sb_h, colors::SCROLLBAR_BG);
-            uint32_t sb_bg = colors::SCROLLBAR_BG.to_pixel();
-            for (int y2 = sb_y; y2 < sb_y + sb_h && y2 < ch; y2++)
-                for (int x = sb_x; x < cw; x++)
-                    pixels[y2 * cw + x] = sb_bg;
 
             // Thumb
             int maxScroll = ws->lineCount - visibleLines;
@@ -393,10 +350,7 @@ static void wiki_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
             if (thumbH < 20) thumbH = 20;
             int thumbY = sb_y + (ws->scrollY * (sb_h - thumbH)) / maxScroll;
 
-            uint32_t sb_fg = colors::SCROLLBAR_FG.to_pixel();
+            c.fill_rect(sb_x + 2, thumbY, WIKI_SCROLLBAR_W - 4, thumbH, colors::SCROLLBAR_FG);
-            for (int y2 = thumbY; y2 < thumbY + thumbH && y2 < ch; y2++)
-                for (int x = sb_x + 2; x < cw - 2; x++)
-                    pixels[y2 * cw + x] = sb_fg;
         }
     }
 }

programs/src/desktop/apps_common.hpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <gui/svg.hpp>
 #include <gui/widgets.hpp>
 #include <gui/window.hpp>
+#include <gui/canvas.hpp>
 #include <gui/terminal.hpp>
 #include <gui/desktop.hpp>
 
@@ -128,53 +129,6 @@ inline void format_mac(char* buf, const uint8_t* mac) {
         (unsigned)mac[3], (unsigned)mac[4], (unsigned)mac[5]);
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Text rendering to pixel buffers (for app content areas)
-// ============================================================================
-
-inline void draw_text_to_pixels(uint32_t* pixels, int pw, int ph,
-                                int tx, int ty, const char* text, uint32_t color_px) {
-    for (int i = 0; text[i] && tx + (i + 1) * FONT_WIDTH <= pw; i++) {
-        const uint8_t* glyph = &font_data[(unsigned char)text[i] * FONT_HEIGHT];
-        int cx = tx + i * FONT_WIDTH;
-        for (int fy = 0; fy < FONT_HEIGHT && ty + fy < ph; fy++) {
-            uint8_t bits = glyph[fy];
-            for (int fx = 0; fx < FONT_WIDTH; fx++) {
-                if (bits & (0x80 >> fx)) {
-                    int dx = cx + fx;
-                    int dy = ty + fy;
-                    if (dx >= 0 && dx < pw && dy >= 0 && dy < ph)
-                        pixels[dy * pw + dx] = color_px;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-inline void draw_text_to_pixels_2x(uint32_t* pixels, int pw, int ph,
-                                   int tx, int ty, const char* text, uint32_t color_px) {
-    for (int i = 0; text[i] && tx + (i + 1) * FONT_WIDTH * 2 <= pw; i++) {
-        const uint8_t* glyph = &font_data[(unsigned char)text[i] * FONT_HEIGHT];
-        int cx = tx + i * FONT_WIDTH * 2;
-        for (int fy = 0; fy < FONT_HEIGHT; fy++) {
-            uint8_t bits = glyph[fy];
-            for (int fx = 0; fx < FONT_WIDTH; fx++) {
-                if (bits & (0x80 >> fx)) {
-                    int dx = cx + fx * 2;
-                    int dy = ty + fy * 2;
-                    for (int sy = 0; sy < 2; sy++)
-                        for (int sx = 0; sx < 2; sx++) {
-                            int px = dx + sx;
-                            int py = dy + sy;
-                            if (px >= 0 && px < pw && py >= 0 && py < ph)
-                                pixels[py * pw + px] = color_px;
-                        }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // ============================================================================
 // File size formatting
 // ============================================================================
@@ -201,42 +155,6 @@ inline void format_size(char* buf, int size) {
     }
 }
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Icon rendering to pixel buffer
-// ============================================================================
-
-inline void blit_icon_to_pixels(uint32_t* pixels, int pw, int ph,
-                                int ix, int iy, const SvgIcon& icon) {
-    if (!icon.pixels) return;
-    for (int row = 0; row < icon.height; row++) {
-        int dy = iy + row;
-        if (dy < 0 || dy >= ph) continue;
-        for (int col = 0; col < icon.width; col++) {
-            int dx = ix + col;
-            if (dx < 0 || dx >= pw) continue;
-            uint32_t src = icon.pixels[row * icon.width + col];
-            uint8_t sa = (src >> 24) & 0xFF;
-            if (sa == 0) continue;
-            if (sa == 255) {
-                pixels[dy * pw + dx] = src;
-            } else {
-                uint32_t dst = pixels[dy * pw + dx];
-                uint8_t sr = (src >> 16) & 0xFF;
-                uint8_t sg = (src >> 8) & 0xFF;
-                uint8_t sb = src & 0xFF;
-                uint8_t dr = (dst >> 16) & 0xFF;
-                uint8_t dg = (dst >> 8) & 0xFF;
-                uint8_t db = dst & 0xFF;
-                uint32_t a = sa, inv_a = 255 - sa;
-                uint32_t rr = (a * sr + inv_a * dr + 128) / 255;
-                uint32_t gg = (a * sg + inv_a * dg + 128) / 255;
-                uint32_t bb = (a * sb + inv_a * db + 128) / 255;
-                pixels[dy * pw + dx] = 0xFF000000 | (rr << 16) | (gg << 8) | bb;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // ============================================================================
 // Forward declarations for app launchers
 // ============================================================================
@@ -249,3 +167,5 @@ void open_texteditor(DesktopState* ds);
 void open_texteditor_with_file(DesktopState* ds, const char* path);
 void open_klog(DesktopState* ds);
 void open_wiki(DesktopState* ds);
+void open_settings(DesktopState* ds);
+void open_reboot_dialog(DesktopState* ds);

programs/src/desktop/main.cpp

@@ -55,6 +55,13 @@ void gui::desktop_init(DesktopState* ds) {
     ds->icon_file_lg   = svg_load("0:/icons/text-x-generic.svg",           48, 48, defColor);
     ds->icon_exec_lg   = svg_load("0:/icons/utilities-terminal.svg",        48, 48, defColor);
 
+    ds->icon_settings = svg_load("0:/icons/help-about.svg",     20, 20, defColor);
+    ds->icon_reboot   = svg_load("0:/icons/system-reboot.svg", 20, 20, defColor);
+
+    ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
+    ds->ctx_menu_x = 0;
+    ds->ctx_menu_y = 0;
+
     ds->net_popup_open = false;
     zenith::get_netcfg(&ds->cached_net_cfg);
     ds->net_cfg_last_poll = zenith::get_milliseconds();
@@ -207,15 +214,17 @@ void gui::desktop_draw_window(DesktopState* ds, int idx) {
     }
     draw_text(fb, title_x, title_y, win->title, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
 
-    // Call app draw callback to render content
+    // Call app draw callback to render content (skip during resize — buffer is old size)
-    if (win->on_draw) {
+    if (win->on_draw && !win->resizing) {
         win->on_draw(win, fb);
     }
 
-    // Blit content buffer to framebuffer
+    // Blit content buffer to framebuffer (clip to actual buffer size during resize)
     Rect cr = win->content_rect();
     if (win->content) {
-        fb.blit(cr.x, cr.y, cr.w, cr.h, win->content);
+        int blit_w = cr.w < win->content_w ? cr.w : win->content_w;
+        int blit_h = cr.h < win->content_h ? cr.h : win->content_h;
+        fb.blit(cr.x, cr.y, blit_w, blit_h, win->content);
     }
 }
 
@@ -340,7 +349,7 @@ void gui::desktop_draw_panel(DesktopState* ds) {
 // App Menu (5 items with separator and rounded corners)
 // ============================================================================
 
-static constexpr int MENU_ITEM_COUNT = 7;
+static constexpr int MENU_ITEM_COUNT = 9;
 static constexpr int MENU_W = 220;
 static constexpr int MENU_ITEM_H = 40;
 
@@ -371,6 +380,8 @@ static void desktop_draw_app_menu(DesktopState* ds) {
         { "Text Editor",  &ds->icon_texteditor },
         { "Kernel Log",   &ds->icon_terminal },
         { "Wikipedia",    &ds->icon_wikipedia },
+        { "About",        &ds->icon_settings },
+        { "Reboot",       &ds->icon_reboot },
     };
 
     int mx = ds->mouse.x;
@@ -379,8 +390,8 @@ static void desktop_draw_app_menu(DesktopState* ds) {
     for (int i = 0; i < MENU_ITEM_COUNT; i++) {
         int iy = menu_y + 4 + i * MENU_ITEM_H;
 
-        // Thin separator line after System Info (before utility apps)
+        // Thin separator lines before utility apps and before Settings
-        if (i == 3) {
+        if (i == 3 || i == 7) {
             int sep_y = iy - 1;
             for (int sx = menu_x + 8; sx < menu_x + MENU_W - 8; sx++)
                 fb.put_pixel(sx, sep_y, colors::BORDER);
@@ -459,6 +470,164 @@ static void desktop_draw_net_popup(DesktopState* ds) {
     draw_text(fb, tx, ty, line, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
 }
 
+// ============================================================================
+// Reboot Dialog
+// ============================================================================
+
+struct RebootDialogState {
+    DesktopState* ds;
+    // Button layout (pixel-buffer-relative coordinates)
+    int btn_w, btn_h, btn_y, reboot_x, cancel_x;
+    bool hover_reboot, hover_cancel;
+};
+
+static void reboot_dialog_on_draw(Window* win, Framebuffer& fb) {
+    RebootDialogState* rs = (RebootDialogState*)win->app_data;
+    if (!rs) return;
+
+    Canvas c(win);
+    c.fill(colors::WINDOW_BG);
+
+    // "Reboot the system?" centered
+    const char* msg = "Reboot the system?";
+    int tw = text_width(msg);
+    c.text((c.w - tw) / 2, 30, msg, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
+
+    // Compute button layout
+    int btn_w = 100;
+    int btn_h = 32;
+    int btn_y = c.h - btn_h - 20;
+    int gap = 20;
+    int total_w = btn_w * 2 + gap;
+    int bx = (c.w - total_w) / 2;
+    rs->btn_w = btn_w;
+    rs->btn_h = btn_h;
+    rs->btn_y = btn_y;
+    rs->reboot_x = bx;
+    rs->cancel_x = bx + btn_w + gap;
+
+    // Draw Reboot button
+    Color reboot_bg = rs->hover_reboot
+        ? Color::from_rgb(0xDD, 0x44, 0x44)
+        : Color::from_rgb(0xCC, 0x33, 0x33);
+    c.button(rs->reboot_x, btn_y, btn_w, btn_h, "Reboot", reboot_bg, colors::WHITE, 4);
+
+    // Draw Cancel button
+    Color cancel_bg = rs->hover_cancel
+        ? Color::from_rgb(0x99, 0x99, 0x99)
+        : Color::from_rgb(0x88, 0x88, 0x88);
+    c.button(rs->cancel_x, btn_y, btn_w, btn_h, "Cancel", cancel_bg, colors::WHITE, 4);
+}
+
+static void reboot_dialog_on_mouse(Window* win, MouseEvent& ev) {
+    RebootDialogState* rs = (RebootDialogState*)win->app_data;
+    if (!rs) return;
+
+    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+    int lx = ev.x - cr.x;
+    int ly = ev.y - cr.y;
+
+    Rect rb = {rs->reboot_x, rs->btn_y, rs->btn_w, rs->btn_h};
+    Rect cb = {rs->cancel_x, rs->btn_y, rs->btn_w, rs->btn_h};
+    rs->hover_reboot = rb.contains(lx, ly);
+    rs->hover_cancel = cb.contains(lx, ly);
+
+    if (ev.left_pressed()) {
+        if (rs->hover_reboot) zenith::reset();
+        if (rs->hover_cancel) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < rs->ds->window_count; i++) {
+                if (rs->ds->windows[i].app_data == rs) {
+                    desktop_close_window(rs->ds, i);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void reboot_dialog_on_key(Window* win, const Zenith::KeyEvent& key) {
+    RebootDialogState* rs = (RebootDialogState*)win->app_data;
+    if (!rs || !key.pressed) return;
+
+    if (key.ascii == '\n' || key.ascii == '\r') {
+        zenith::reset();
+    }
+    if (key.scancode == 0x01) { // Escape
+        for (int i = 0; i < rs->ds->window_count; i++) {
+            if (rs->ds->windows[i].app_data == rs) {
+                desktop_close_window(rs->ds, i);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void reboot_dialog_on_close(Window* win) {
+    if (win->app_data) {
+        zenith::mfree(win->app_data);
+        win->app_data = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void open_reboot_dialog(DesktopState* ds) {
+    int wx = (ds->screen_w - 300) / 2;
+    int wy = (ds->screen_h - 150) / 2;
+    int idx = desktop_create_window(ds, "Reboot", wx, wy, 300, 150);
+    if (idx < 0) return;
+
+    Window* win = &ds->windows[idx];
+    RebootDialogState* rs = (RebootDialogState*)zenith::malloc(sizeof(RebootDialogState));
+    zenith::memset(rs, 0, sizeof(RebootDialogState));
+    rs->ds = ds;
+
+    win->app_data = rs;
+    win->on_draw = reboot_dialog_on_draw;
+    win->on_mouse = reboot_dialog_on_mouse;
+    win->on_key = reboot_dialog_on_key;
+    win->on_close = reboot_dialog_on_close;
+}
+
+static gui::ResizeEdge hit_test_resize_edge(const gui::Rect& f, int mx, int my) {
+    using namespace gui;
+    int G = RESIZE_GRAB;
+    if (!f.contains(mx, my)) return RESIZE_NONE;
+
+    bool near_left   = mx < f.x + G;
+    bool near_right  = mx >= f.x + f.w - G;
+    bool near_top    = my < f.y + G;
+    bool near_bottom = my >= f.y + f.h - G;
+
+    // Corners first
+    if (near_top && near_left)     return RESIZE_TOP_LEFT;
+    if (near_top && near_right)    return RESIZE_TOP_RIGHT;
+    if (near_bottom && near_left)  return RESIZE_BOTTOM_LEFT;
+    if (near_bottom && near_right) return RESIZE_BOTTOM_RIGHT;
+
+    // Edges
+    if (near_top)    return RESIZE_TOP;
+    if (near_bottom) return RESIZE_BOTTOM;
+    if (near_left)   return RESIZE_LEFT;
+    if (near_right)  return RESIZE_RIGHT;
+
+    return RESIZE_NONE;
+}
+
+static gui::CursorStyle cursor_for_edge(gui::ResizeEdge edge) {
+    using namespace gui;
+    switch (edge) {
+    case RESIZE_LEFT: case RESIZE_RIGHT:
+        return CURSOR_RESIZE_H;
+    case RESIZE_TOP: case RESIZE_BOTTOM:
+        return CURSOR_RESIZE_V;
+    case RESIZE_TOP_LEFT: case RESIZE_BOTTOM_RIGHT:
+        return CURSOR_RESIZE_NWSE;
+    case RESIZE_TOP_RIGHT: case RESIZE_BOTTOM_LEFT:
+        return CURSOR_RESIZE_NESW;
+    default:
+        return CURSOR_ARROW;
+    }
+}
+
 void gui::desktop_compose(DesktopState* ds) {
     Framebuffer& fb = ds->fb;
 
@@ -508,8 +677,91 @@ void gui::desktop_compose(DesktopState* ds) {
         desktop_draw_net_popup(ds);
     }
 
+    // Draw right-click context menu if open
+    if (ds->ctx_menu_open) {
+        static constexpr int CTX_MENU_W = 180;
+        static constexpr int CTX_ITEM_H = 36;
+        static constexpr int CTX_ITEM_COUNT = 4;
+        int cmx = ds->ctx_menu_x;
+        int cmy = ds->ctx_menu_y;
+        int cmh = CTX_ITEM_H * CTX_ITEM_COUNT + 8;
+
+        // Clamp to screen
+        if (cmx + CTX_MENU_W > sw) cmx = sw - CTX_MENU_W;
+        if (cmy + cmh > sh) cmy = sh - cmh;
+
+        draw_shadow(fb, cmx, cmy, CTX_MENU_W, cmh, 4, colors::SHADOW);
+        fill_rounded_rect(fb, cmx, cmy, CTX_MENU_W, cmh, 8, colors::MENU_BG);
+        draw_rect(fb, cmx, cmy, CTX_MENU_W, cmh, colors::BORDER);
+
+        struct CtxItem { const char* label; SvgIcon* icon; };
+        CtxItem ctx_items[CTX_ITEM_COUNT] = {
+            { "Terminal", &ds->icon_terminal },
+            { "Files",    &ds->icon_filemanager },
+            { "About",    &ds->icon_settings },
+            { "Reboot",   &ds->icon_reboot },
+        };
+
+        int mmx = ds->mouse.x;
+        int mmy = ds->mouse.y;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < CTX_ITEM_COUNT; i++) {
+            int iy = cmy + 4 + i * CTX_ITEM_H;
+            Rect item_r = {cmx + 4, iy, CTX_MENU_W - 8, CTX_ITEM_H};
+
+            if (item_r.contains(mmx, mmy)) {
+                fill_rounded_rect(fb, item_r.x, item_r.y, item_r.w, item_r.h, 4, colors::MENU_HOVER);
+            }
+
+            int icon_x = item_r.x + 8;
+            int icon_y = item_r.y + (CTX_ITEM_H - 20) / 2;
+            if (ctx_items[i].icon && ctx_items[i].icon->pixels) {
+                fb.blit_alpha(icon_x, icon_y, ctx_items[i].icon->width, ctx_items[i].icon->height, ctx_items[i].icon->pixels);
+            }
+
+            int tx = icon_x + 28;
+            int ty = item_r.y + (CTX_ITEM_H - FONT_HEIGHT) / 2;
+            draw_text(fb, tx, ty, ctx_items[i].label, colors::TEXT_COLOR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Draw snap preview overlay while dragging to screen edge
+    for (int i = 0; i < ds->window_count; i++) {
+        Window* win = &ds->windows[i];
+        if (win->dragging) {
+            int dmx = ds->mouse.x;
+            if (dmx <= 0) {
+                fb.fill_rect_alpha(0, PANEL_HEIGHT, sw / 2, sh - PANEL_HEIGHT,
+                    Color::from_rgba(0x33, 0x77, 0xCC, 0x30));
+            } else if (dmx >= sw - 1) {
+                fb.fill_rect_alpha(sw / 2, PANEL_HEIGHT, sw / 2, sh - PANEL_HEIGHT,
+                    Color::from_rgba(0x33, 0x77, 0xCC, 0x30));
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Determine cursor style based on resize hover or active resize
+    CursorStyle cur_style = CURSOR_ARROW;
+    for (int i = ds->window_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        Window* win = &ds->windows[i];
+        if (win->resizing) {
+            cur_style = cursor_for_edge(win->resize_edge);
+            break;
+        }
+        if (win->state == WIN_MINIMIZED || win->state == WIN_CLOSED || win->state == WIN_MAXIMIZED)
+            continue;
+        if (win->frame.contains(ds->mouse.x, ds->mouse.y)) {
+            ResizeEdge edge = hit_test_resize_edge(win->frame, ds->mouse.x, ds->mouse.y);
+            if (edge != RESIZE_NONE) {
+                cur_style = cursor_for_edge(edge);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
     // Draw cursor last
-    draw_cursor(fb, ds->mouse.x, ds->mouse.y);
+    draw_cursor(fb, ds->mouse.x, ds->mouse.y, cur_style);
 }
 
 void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
@@ -520,6 +772,7 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
     bool left_pressed = (buttons & 0x01) && !(prev & 0x01);
     bool left_held = (buttons & 0x01);
     bool left_released = !(buttons & 0x01) && (prev & 0x01);
+    bool right_pressed = (buttons & 0x02) && !(prev & 0x02);
 
     MouseEvent ev;
     ev.x = mx;
@@ -528,6 +781,42 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
     ev.prev_buttons = prev;
     ev.scroll = ds->mouse.scrollDelta;
 
+    // Handle context menu clicks
+    if (ds->ctx_menu_open) {
+        if (left_pressed) {
+            static constexpr int CTX_MENU_W = 180;
+            static constexpr int CTX_ITEM_H = 36;
+            static constexpr int CTX_ITEM_COUNT = 4;
+            int cmx = ds->ctx_menu_x;
+            int cmy = ds->ctx_menu_y;
+            int cmh = CTX_ITEM_H * CTX_ITEM_COUNT + 8;
+            if (cmx + CTX_MENU_W > ds->screen_w) cmx = ds->screen_w - CTX_MENU_W;
+            if (cmy + cmh > ds->screen_h) cmy = ds->screen_h - cmh;
+
+            Rect ctx_rect = {cmx, cmy, CTX_MENU_W, cmh};
+            if (ctx_rect.contains(mx, my)) {
+                int rel_y = my - cmy - 4;
+                int item_idx = rel_y / CTX_ITEM_H;
+                if (item_idx >= 0 && item_idx < CTX_ITEM_COUNT) {
+                    ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
+                    switch (item_idx) {
+                    case 0: open_terminal(ds); break;
+                    case 1: open_filemanager(ds); break;
+                    case 2: open_settings(ds); break;
+                    case 3: open_reboot_dialog(ds); break;
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (right_pressed) {
+            ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     // Check for ongoing window drags first
     for (int i = 0; i < ds->window_count; i++) {
         Window* win = &ds->windows[i];
@@ -542,6 +831,88 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
             }
             if (left_released) {
                 win->dragging = false;
+                // Window edge snapping
+                if (mx <= 0) {
+                    win->saved_frame = win->frame;
+                    win->frame = {0, PANEL_HEIGHT, ds->screen_w / 2, ds->screen_h - PANEL_HEIGHT};
+                    win->state = WIN_MAXIMIZED;
+                    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+                    if (cr.w != win->content_w || cr.h != win->content_h) {
+                        if (win->content) zenith::free(win->content);
+                        win->content_w = cr.w;
+                        win->content_h = cr.h;
+                        win->content = (uint32_t*)zenith::alloc(cr.w * cr.h * 4);
+                        zenith::memset(win->content, 0xFF, cr.w * cr.h * 4);
+                    }
+                } else if (mx >= ds->screen_w - 1) {
+                    win->saved_frame = win->frame;
+                    win->frame = {ds->screen_w / 2, PANEL_HEIGHT, ds->screen_w / 2, ds->screen_h - PANEL_HEIGHT};
+                    win->state = WIN_MAXIMIZED;
+                    Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+                    if (cr.w != win->content_w || cr.h != win->content_h) {
+                        if (win->content) zenith::free(win->content);
+                        win->content_w = cr.w;
+                        win->content_h = cr.h;
+                        win->content = (uint32_t*)zenith::alloc(cr.w * cr.h * 4);
+                        zenith::memset(win->content, 0xFF, cr.w * cr.h * 4);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check for ongoing window resizes
+    for (int i = 0; i < ds->window_count; i++) {
+        Window* win = &ds->windows[i];
+        if (win->resizing) {
+            if (left_held) {
+                int dx = mx - win->resize_start_mx;
+                int dy = my - win->resize_start_my;
+                Rect sf = win->resize_start_frame;
+                ResizeEdge edge = win->resize_edge;
+
+                int new_x = sf.x, new_y = sf.y, new_w = sf.w, new_h = sf.h;
+
+                if (edge == RESIZE_RIGHT || edge == RESIZE_TOP_RIGHT || edge == RESIZE_BOTTOM_RIGHT)
+                    new_w = sf.w + dx;
+                if (edge == RESIZE_BOTTOM || edge == RESIZE_BOTTOM_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_BOTTOM_RIGHT)
+                    new_h = sf.h + dy;
+                if (edge == RESIZE_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_TOP_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_BOTTOM_LEFT) {
+                    new_x = sf.x + dx;
+                    new_w = sf.w - dx;
+                }
+                if (edge == RESIZE_TOP || edge == RESIZE_TOP_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_TOP_RIGHT) {
+                    new_y = sf.y + dy;
+                    new_h = sf.h - dy;
+                }
+
+                // Enforce minimum size
+                if (new_w < MIN_WINDOW_W) {
+                    if (edge == RESIZE_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_TOP_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_BOTTOM_LEFT)
+                        new_x = sf.x + sf.w - MIN_WINDOW_W;
+                    new_w = MIN_WINDOW_W;
+                }
+                if (new_h < MIN_WINDOW_H) {
+                    if (edge == RESIZE_TOP || edge == RESIZE_TOP_LEFT || edge == RESIZE_TOP_RIGHT)
+                        new_y = sf.y + sf.h - MIN_WINDOW_H;
+                    new_h = MIN_WINDOW_H;
+                }
+
+                win->frame = {new_x, new_y, new_w, new_h};
+            }
+            if (left_released) {
+                win->resizing = false;
+                // Reallocate content buffer if dimensions changed
+                Rect cr = win->content_rect();
+                if (cr.w != win->content_w || cr.h != win->content_h) {
+                    if (win->content) zenith::free(win->content);
+                    win->content_w = cr.w;
+                    win->content_h = cr.h;
+                    win->content = (uint32_t*)zenith::alloc(cr.w * cr.h * 4);
+                    zenith::memset(win->content, 0xFF, cr.w * cr.h * 4);
+                }
+                win->dirty = true;
             }
             return;
         }
@@ -566,6 +937,8 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
                 case 4: open_texteditor(ds); break;
                 case 5: open_klog(ds); break;
                 case 6: open_wiki(ds); break;
+                case 7: open_settings(ds); break;
+                case 8: open_reboot_dialog(ds); break;
                 }
                 ds->app_menu_open = false;
             }
@@ -597,6 +970,7 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
         if (mx < 36) {
             ds->app_menu_open = !ds->app_menu_open;
             ds->net_popup_open = false;
+            ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
             return;
         }
 
@@ -604,6 +978,7 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
         if (ds->net_icon_rect.w > 0 && ds->net_icon_rect.contains(mx, my)) {
             ds->net_popup_open = !ds->net_popup_open;
             ds->app_menu_open = false;
+            ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
             return;
         }
         // Window indicator buttons
@@ -683,6 +1058,26 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
                 return;
             }
 
+            // Check resize edges (before titlebar drag, so corner grabs work)
+            if (win->state != WIN_MAXIMIZED) {
+                ResizeEdge edge = hit_test_resize_edge(win->frame, mx, my);
+                if (edge != RESIZE_NONE) {
+                    win->resizing = true;
+                    win->resize_edge = edge;
+                    win->resize_start_frame = win->frame;
+                    win->resize_start_mx = mx;
+                    win->resize_start_my = my;
+                    desktop_raise_window(ds, i);
+                    int new_idx = ds->window_count - 1;
+                    ds->windows[new_idx].resizing = true;
+                    ds->windows[new_idx].resize_edge = edge;
+                    ds->windows[new_idx].resize_start_frame = ds->windows[new_idx].frame;
+                    ds->windows[new_idx].resize_start_mx = mx;
+                    ds->windows[new_idx].resize_start_my = my;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
             // Check titlebar (start drag)
             Rect tb = win->titlebar_rect();
             if (tb.contains(mx, my)) {
@@ -718,6 +1113,7 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
         }
 
         ds->app_menu_open = false;
+        ds->ctx_menu_open = false;
     }
 
     // Handle scroll events on focused window
@@ -728,6 +1124,26 @@ void gui::desktop_handle_mouse(DesktopState* ds) {
             win->on_mouse(win, ev);
         }
     }
+
+    // Right-click on desktop background opens context menu
+    if (right_pressed && my >= PANEL_HEIGHT) {
+        bool on_window = false;
+        for (int i = ds->window_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            Window* win = &ds->windows[i];
+            if (win->state == WIN_MINIMIZED || win->state == WIN_CLOSED) continue;
+            if (win->frame.contains(mx, my)) {
+                on_window = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!on_window) {
+            ds->ctx_menu_open = true;
+            ds->ctx_menu_x = mx;
+            ds->ctx_menu_y = my;
+            ds->app_menu_open = false;
+            ds->net_popup_open = false;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void gui::desktop_handle_keyboard(DesktopState* ds, const Zenith::KeyEvent& key) {

scripts/copy_icons.sh

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ ICONS=(
     "devices/scalable/network-wired.svg"
     "mimetypes/scalable/text-x-generic.svg"
     "mimetypes/scalable/application-x-executable.svg"
+    "categories/scalable/help-about.svg"
+    "categories/scalable/system-reboot.svg"
 )
 
 copied=0