feat: expand user mode, add DOOM game, add manpages

.gitignore

@@ -7,3 +7,6 @@ qemu.log
 toolchain/local/
 toolchain/build/
 toolchain/src/
+programs/bin/
+programs/obj/
+programs/src/doom/obj/

kernel/src/Api/Syscall.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <Net/ByteOrder.hpp>
 #include <Hal/MSR.hpp>
 #include <Hal/GDT.hpp>
+#include <Graphics/Cursor.hpp>
+#include "../Libraries/flanterm/src/flanterm.h"
 
 // Assembly entry point
 extern "C" void SyscallEntry();
@@ -175,6 +177,47 @@ namespace Zenith {
     static uint16_t g_pingSeq = 0;
     static constexpr uint16_t PING_ID = 0x2E01; // "ZE"
 
+    static void Sys_FbInfo(FbInfo* out) {
+        if (out == nullptr) return;
+        out->width    = Graphics::Cursor::GetFramebufferWidth();
+        out->height   = Graphics::Cursor::GetFramebufferHeight();
+        out->pitch    = Graphics::Cursor::GetFramebufferPitch();
+        out->bpp      = 32;
+        out->userAddr = 0;
+    }
+
+    static void Sys_WaitPid(int pid) {
+        while (Sched::IsAlive(pid)) {
+            Sched::Schedule();  // yield until the process exits
+        }
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t Sys_FbMap() {
+        auto* proc = Sched::GetCurrentProcessPtr();
+        if (proc == nullptr) return 0;
+
+        uint32_t* fbBase = Graphics::Cursor::GetFramebufferBase();
+        if (fbBase == nullptr) return 0;
+
+        uint64_t fbPhys = Memory::SubHHDM((uint64_t)fbBase);
+        uint64_t fbSize = Graphics::Cursor::GetFramebufferHeight()
+                        * Graphics::Cursor::GetFramebufferPitch();
+        uint64_t numPages = (fbSize + 0xFFF) / 0x1000;
+
+        // Map at a fixed user VA
+        constexpr uint64_t userVa = 0x50000000ULL;
+
+        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < numPages; i++) {
+            Memory::VMM::Paging::MapUserIn(
+                proc->pml4Phys,
+                fbPhys + i * 0x1000,
+                userVa + i * 0x1000
+            );
+        }
+
+        return userVa;
+    }
+
     static int32_t Sys_Ping(uint32_t ipAddr, uint32_t timeoutMs) {
         uint16_t seq = g_pingSeq++;
 
@@ -192,6 +235,27 @@ namespace Zenith {
         return (int32_t)(Timekeeping::GetMilliseconds() - start);
     }
 
+    static int Sys_Spawn(const char* path, const char* args) {
+        return Sched::Spawn(path, args);
+    }
+
+    static int Sys_GetArgs(char* buf, uint64_t maxLen) {
+        auto* proc = Sched::GetCurrentProcessPtr();
+        if (proc == nullptr || buf == nullptr || maxLen == 0) return -1;
+        int i = 0;
+        for (; i < (int)maxLen - 1 && proc->args[i]; i++) {
+            buf[i] = proc->args[i];
+        }
+        buf[i] = '\0';
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t Sys_TermSize() {
+        size_t cols = 0, rows = 0;
+        flanterm_get_dimensions(Kt::ctx, &cols, &rows);
+        return (rows << 32) | (cols & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    }
+
     // ---- Dispatch ----
 
     extern "C" int64_t SyscallDispatch(SyscallFrame* frame) {
@@ -248,6 +312,20 @@ namespace Zenith {
                 return (int64_t)Sys_GetChar();
             case SYS_PING:
                 return (int64_t)Sys_Ping((uint32_t)frame->arg1, (uint32_t)frame->arg2);
+            case SYS_SPAWN:
+                return (int64_t)Sys_Spawn((const char*)frame->arg1, (const char*)frame->arg2);
+            case SYS_WAITPID:
+                Sys_WaitPid((int)frame->arg1);
+                return 0;
+            case SYS_FBINFO:
+                Sys_FbInfo((FbInfo*)frame->arg1);
+                return 0;
+            case SYS_FBMAP:
+                return (int64_t)Sys_FbMap();
+            case SYS_TERMSIZE:
+                return (int64_t)Sys_TermSize();
+            case SYS_GETARGS:
+                return (int64_t)Sys_GetArgs((char*)frame->arg1, frame->arg2);
             default:
                 return -1;
         }
@@ -274,7 +352,7 @@ namespace Zenith {
         Hal::WriteMSR(Hal::IA32_FMASK, 0x200);
 
         Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "Syscall") << "SYSCALL/SYSRET initialized (LSTAR="
-            << kcp::hex << (uint64_t)SyscallEntry << kcp::dec << ", 20 syscalls)";
+            << kcp::hex << (uint64_t)SyscallEntry << kcp::dec << ", 26 syscalls)";
     }
 
 }

kernel/src/Api/Syscall.hpp

@@ -31,6 +31,20 @@ namespace Zenith {
     static constexpr uint64_t SYS_GETKEY          = 17;
     static constexpr uint64_t SYS_GETCHAR         = 18;
     static constexpr uint64_t SYS_PING            = 19;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_SPAWN           = 20;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_FBINFO          = 21;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_FBMAP           = 22;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_WAITPID         = 23;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_TERMSIZE        = 24;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_GETARGS         = 25;
+
+    struct FbInfo {
+        uint64_t width;
+        uint64_t height;
+        uint64_t pitch;      // bytes per scanline
+        uint64_t bpp;        // bits per pixel (32)
+        uint64_t userAddr;   // filled by SYS_FBMAP (0 until mapped)
+    };
 
     struct SysInfo {
         char osName[32];

kernel/src/Drivers/PS2/Keyboard.cpp

@@ -176,39 +176,66 @@ namespace Drivers::PS2::Keyboard {
             return;
         }
 
-        // Handle modifier keys
+        // Handle modifier keys (update state, but still push event to buffer)
+        bool isModifier = false;
         switch (keycode) {
             case ScLeftShift:
                 g_Modifiers.LeftShift = !released;
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             case ScRightShift:
                 g_Modifiers.RightShift = !released;
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             case ScLeftCtrl:
                 g_Modifiers.LeftCtrl = !released;
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             case ScLeftAlt:
                 g_Modifiers.LeftAlt = !released;
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             case ScCapsLock:
                 if (!released) {
                     g_Modifiers.CapsLock = !g_Modifiers.CapsLock;
                 }
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             case ScNumLock:
                 if (!released) {
                     g_Modifiers.NumLock = !g_Modifiers.NumLock;
                 }
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             case ScScrollLock:
                 if (!released) {
                     g_Modifiers.ScrollLock = !g_Modifiers.ScrollLock;
                 }
-                return;
+                isModifier = true;
+                break;
             default:
                 break;
         }
 
+        // Modifiers still need events in the buffer (for apps like doom)
+        // but lock keys (caps/num/scroll) don't need buffer events
+        if (isModifier && keycode != ScCapsLock && keycode != ScNumLock && keycode != ScScrollLock) {
+            KeyEvent event = {
+                .Scancode = scancode,
+                .Ascii    = 0,
+                .Pressed  = !released,
+                .Shift    = g_Modifiers.LeftShift || g_Modifiers.RightShift,
+                .Ctrl     = g_Modifiers.LeftCtrl || g_Modifiers.RightCtrl,
+                .Alt      = g_Modifiers.LeftAlt || g_Modifiers.RightAlt,
+                .CapsLock = g_Modifiers.CapsLock
+            };
+            g_BufferLock.Acquire();
+            BufferPush(event);
+            g_BufferLock.Release();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (isModifier) return;
+
         // Translate scancode to ASCII
         char ascii = 0;
         if (keycode < 128) {

kernel/src/Graphics/Cursor.cpp

@@ -162,4 +162,9 @@ namespace Graphics::Cursor {
         g_OldY = newY;
     }
 
+    uint32_t* GetFramebufferBase()   { return g_FbBase; }
+    uint64_t  GetFramebufferWidth()  { return g_FbWidth; }
+    uint64_t  GetFramebufferHeight() { return g_FbHeight; }
+    uint64_t  GetFramebufferPitch()  { return g_FbPitch; }
+
 };

kernel/src/Graphics/Cursor.hpp

@@ -13,4 +13,9 @@ namespace Graphics::Cursor {
     void Initialize(limine_framebuffer* framebuffer);
     void Update();
 
+    uint32_t* GetFramebufferBase();
+    uint64_t  GetFramebufferWidth();
+    uint64_t  GetFramebufferHeight();
+    uint64_t  GetFramebufferPitch();
+
 };

kernel/src/Main.cpp

@@ -93,6 +93,23 @@ extern "C" void kmain() {
 #if defined (__x86_64__)
     Hal::PrepareGDT();
     Hal::BridgeLoadGDT();
+
+    // Enable SSE/SSE2 — required for userspace programs compiled with SSE
+    // CR0: clear EM (bit 2), set MP (bit 1)
+    {
+        uint64_t cr0;
+        asm volatile("mov %%cr0, %0" : "=r"(cr0));
+        cr0 &= ~(1ULL << 2);  // Clear EM
+        cr0 |=  (1ULL << 1);  // Set MP
+        asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr0" :: "r"(cr0));
+
+        // CR4: set OSFXSR (bit 9) and OSXMMEXCPT (bit 10)
+        uint64_t cr4;
+        asm volatile("mov %%cr4, %0" : "=r"(cr4));
+        cr4 |= (1ULL << 9);   // OSFXSR
+        cr4 |= (1ULL << 10);  // OSXMMEXCPT
+        asm volatile("mov %0, %%cr4" :: "r"(cr4));
+    }
 #endif
 
     uint64_t hhdm_offset = hhdm_request.response->offset;

kernel/src/Memory/PageFrameAllocator.cpp

@@ -77,12 +77,17 @@ namespace Memory {
             };
         }
 
+        // Allocate() returns pages from the top of a free region in descending
+        // order, so 'first' is the highest address.  The contiguous block
+        // actually starts (n-1) pages below 'first'.
+        void* base = (void*)((uint64_t)first - (uint64_t)(n - 1) * 0x1000);
+
         if (ptr != nullptr) {
-            memcpy(first, ptr, n);
+            memcpy(base, ptr, (uint64_t)n * 0x1000);
             Free(ptr);
         }
 
-        return first;
+        return base;
     }
 
     void PageFrameAllocator::Free(void* ptr) {

kernel/src/Sched/ElfLoader.cpp

@@ -52,8 +52,6 @@ namespace Sched {
     }
 
     uint64_t ElfLoad(const char* vfsPath, uint64_t pml4Phys) {
-        Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::INFO, "ELF") << "Loading " << vfsPath;
-
         int handle = Fs::Vfs::VfsOpen(vfsPath);
         if (handle < 0) {
             Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "ELF") << "Failed to open " << vfsPath;
@@ -78,6 +76,10 @@ namespace Sched {
         Fs::Vfs::VfsRead(handle, fileData, 0, fileSize);
         Fs::Vfs::VfsClose(handle);
 
+        // Prevent the optimizer from reordering the VfsRead store past the
+        // header validation reads that follow.
+        asm volatile("" ::: "memory");
+
         // Validate ELF header
         Elf64Header* hdr = (Elf64Header*)fileData;
         if (!ValidateElfHeader(hdr)) {
@@ -85,9 +87,6 @@ namespace Sched {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "ELF") << "Entry point: " << kcp::hex << hdr->e_entry << kcp::dec
-            << ", " << (uint64_t)hdr->e_phnum << " program header(s)";
-
         // Process program headers
         for (uint16_t i = 0; i < hdr->e_phnum; i++) {
             Elf64ProgramHeader* phdr = (Elf64ProgramHeader*)(fileData + hdr->e_phoff + i * hdr->e_phentsize);
@@ -100,9 +99,6 @@ namespace Sched {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::INFO, "ELF") << "PT_LOAD: vaddr=" << kcp::hex << phdr->p_vaddr
-                << " filesz=" << phdr->p_filesz << " memsz=" << phdr->p_memsz << kcp::dec;
-
             // Allocate pages and map them in the process PML4 with User bit
             uint64_t segBase = phdr->p_vaddr & ~0xFFFULL;
             uint64_t segEnd = (phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_memsz + 0xFFF) & ~0xFFFULL;
@@ -147,7 +143,6 @@ namespace Sched {
         uint64_t entryPoint = hdr->e_entry;
         Memory::g_heap->Free(fileData);
 
-        Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "ELF") << "Loaded successfully, entry=" << kcp::hex << entryPoint << kcp::dec;
         return entryPoint;
     }
 

kernel/src/Sched/Scheduler.cpp

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ namespace Sched {
             processTable[i].kernelStackTop = 0;
             processTable[i].userStackTop = 0;
             processTable[i].heapNext = 0;
+            processTable[i].args[0] = '\0';
         }
 
         currentPid = -1;
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ namespace Sched {
             << " process slots, " << (uint64_t)TimeSliceMs << " ms time slice)";
     }
 
-    void Spawn(const char* vfsPath) {
+    int Spawn(const char* vfsPath, const char* args) {
         int slot = -1;
         for (int i = 0; i < MaxProcesses; i++) {
             if (processTable[i].state == ProcessState::Free) {
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ namespace Sched {
 
         if (slot < 0) {
             Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Sched") << "No free process slots";
-            return;
+            return -1;
         }
 
         // Create per-process PML4 with kernel-half copied
@@ -106,20 +107,20 @@ namespace Sched {
         uint64_t entry = ElfLoad(vfsPath, pml4Phys);
         if (entry == 0) {
             Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Sched") << "Failed to load ELF: " << vfsPath;
-            return;
+            return -1;
         }
 
         // Allocate kernel stack (used during syscalls and interrupts)
         void* firstPage = Memory::g_pfa->AllocateZeroed();
         if (firstPage == nullptr) {
             Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Sched") << "Out of memory for kernel stack";
-            return;
+            return -1;
         }
         void* stackMem = Memory::g_pfa->ReallocConsecutive(firstPage, StackPages);
         if (stackMem == nullptr) {
             Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Sched") << "Failed to allocate contiguous kernel stack";
             Memory::g_pfa->Free(firstPage);
-            return;
+            return -1;
         }
 
         uint8_t* kernelStackBase = (uint8_t*)stackMem;
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ namespace Sched {
             void* page = Memory::g_pfa->AllocateZeroed();
             if (page == nullptr) {
                 Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Sched") << "Out of memory for user stack";
-                return;
+                return -1;
             }
             uint64_t physAddr = Memory::SubHHDM((uint64_t)page);
             Memory::VMM::Paging::MapUserIn(pml4Phys, physAddr, userStackBase + i * 0x1000);
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ namespace Sched {
             void* stubPage = Memory::g_pfa->AllocateZeroed();
             if (stubPage == nullptr) {
                 Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::ERROR, "Sched") << "Out of memory for exit stub";
-                return;
+                return -1;
             }
             uint64_t stubPhys = Memory::SubHHDM((uint64_t)stubPage);
             Memory::VMM::Paging::MapUserIn(pml4Phys, stubPhys, ExitStubAddr);
@@ -189,11 +190,17 @@ namespace Sched {
         proc.userStackTop = UserStackTop - 8;  // account for pushed exit stub return address
         proc.heapNext = UserHeapBase;
 
-        Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "Sched") << "Spawned process " << (uint64_t)proc.pid
+        // Copy arguments string into process
-            << " (" << vfsPath << ") entry=" << kcp::hex << entry
+        proc.args[0] = '\0';
-            << " kstack=" << (uint64_t)kernelStackBase << "-" << kernelStackTop
+        if (args != nullptr) {
-            << " ustack=" << userStackBase << "-" << UserStackTop
+            int i = 0;
-            << " pml4=" << pml4Phys << kcp::dec;
+            for (; i < 255 && args[i]; i++) {
+                proc.args[i] = args[i];
+            }
+            proc.args[i] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        return proc.pid;
     }
 
     void Schedule() {
@@ -271,8 +278,6 @@ namespace Sched {
             return;
         }
 
-        Kt::KernelLogStream(Kt::OK, "Sched") << "Process " << (uint64_t)processTable[currentPid].pid << " terminated";
-
         processTable[currentPid].state = ProcessState::Terminated;
 
         int next = -1;
@@ -305,4 +310,10 @@ namespace Sched {
         }
     }
 
+    bool IsAlive(int pid) {
+        if (pid < 0 || pid >= MaxProcesses) return false;
+        return processTable[pid].state == ProcessState::Ready
+            || processTable[pid].state == ProcessState::Running;
+    }
+
 }

kernel/src/Sched/Scheduler.hpp

@@ -38,10 +38,11 @@ namespace Sched {
         uint64_t kernelStackTop;  // Top of kernel stack (for TSS RSP0 / SYSCALL)
         uint64_t userStackTop;    // User-space stack top
         uint64_t heapNext;        // Simple bump allocator for user heap
+        char args[256];           // Command-line arguments (set by parent via Spawn)
     };
 
     void Initialize();
-    void Spawn(const char* vfsPath);
+    int Spawn(const char* vfsPath, const char* args = nullptr);
     void Schedule();
 
     // Called from the APIC timer handler on every tick.
@@ -56,4 +57,7 @@ namespace Sched {
     // Called by terminated processes to mark themselves done
     void ExitProcess();
 
+    // Check if a process is still alive (Ready or Running)
+    bool IsAlive(int pid);
+
 }

kernel/src/Terminal/Terminal.hpp

@@ -166,3 +166,9 @@ namespace Kt
 };
 
 extern Kt::KernelErrorStream kerr;
+
+// Forward-declare flanterm context for syscall access
+struct flanterm_context;
+namespace Kt {
+    extern flanterm_context *ctx;
+}

programs/GNUmakefile

@@ -59,9 +59,19 @@ PROGRAMS := $(notdir $(wildcard src/*))
 # Build targets: one ELF per program.
 TARGETS := $(addprefix $(BINDIR)/,$(addsuffix .elf,$(PROGRAMS)))
 
+# Man pages source directory.
+MANDIR := man
+MANSRC := $(wildcard $(MANDIR)/*.*)
+MANDST := $(patsubst $(MANDIR)/%,$(BINDIR)/man/%,$(MANSRC))
+
 .PHONY: all clean
 
-all: $(TARGETS)
+all: $(TARGETS) $(MANDST)
+
+# Copy man pages into bin/man/ so mkramdisk.sh picks them up.
+$(BINDIR)/man/%: $(MANDIR)/%
+	mkdir -p $(BINDIR)/man
+	cp $< $@
 
 # Build each program from its source files.
 # For now each program is a single .cpp file compiled and linked directly.

programs/include/Api/Syscall.hpp

@@ -31,6 +31,20 @@ namespace Zenith {
     static constexpr uint64_t SYS_GETKEY          = 17;
     static constexpr uint64_t SYS_GETCHAR         = 18;
     static constexpr uint64_t SYS_PING            = 19;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_SPAWN           = 20;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_FBINFO          = 21;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_FBMAP           = 22;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_WAITPID         = 23;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_TERMSIZE        = 24;
+    static constexpr uint64_t SYS_GETARGS         = 25;
+
+    struct FbInfo {
+        uint64_t width;
+        uint64_t height;
+        uint64_t pitch;      // bytes per scanline
+        uint64_t bpp;        // bits per pixel (32)
+        uint64_t userAddr;   // filled by SYS_FBMAP (0 until mapped)
+    };
 
     struct SysInfo {
         char osName[32];

programs/include/libc/assert.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_ASSERT_H
+#define _LIBC_ASSERT_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+void __assert_fail(const char *expr, const char *file, int line, const char *func);
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define assert(expr) ((void)0)
+#else
+#define assert(expr) \
+    ((expr) ? (void)0 : __assert_fail(#expr, __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_ASSERT_H */

programs/include/libc/ctype.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_CTYPE_H
+#define _LIBC_CTYPE_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+int isalpha(int c);
+int isdigit(int c);
+int isalnum(int c);
+int isspace(int c);
+int isupper(int c);
+int islower(int c);
+int isprint(int c);
+int ispunct(int c);
+int isxdigit(int c);
+int iscntrl(int c);
+int isgraph(int c);
+int toupper(int c);
+int tolower(int c);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_CTYPE_H */

programs/include/libc/errno.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_ERRNO_H
+#define _LIBC_ERRNO_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+extern int errno;
+
+#define ENOENT  2
+#define EIO     5
+#define ENOMEM  12
+#define EACCES  13
+#define EINVAL  22
+#define ERANGE  34
+#define ENOSYS  38
+#define EISDIR  21
+#define ENOTDIR 20
+#define EEXIST  17
+#define EBADF   9
+#define EPERM   1
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_ERRNO_H */

programs/include/libc/fcntl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_FCNTL_H
+#define _LIBC_FCNTL_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define O_RDONLY 0
+#define O_WRONLY 1
+#define O_RDWR   2
+#define O_CREAT  0x40
+#define O_TRUNC  0x200
+
+int open(const char *path, int flags, ...);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_FCNTL_H */

programs/include/libc/inttypes.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_INTTYPES_H
+#define _LIBC_INTTYPES_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define PRId8   "d"
+#define PRId16  "d"
+#define PRId32  "d"
+#define PRId64  "ld"
+#define PRIi8   "i"
+#define PRIi16  "i"
+#define PRIi32  "i"
+#define PRIi64  "li"
+#define PRIu8   "u"
+#define PRIu16  "u"
+#define PRIu32  "u"
+#define PRIu64  "lu"
+#define PRIx8   "x"
+#define PRIx16  "x"
+#define PRIx32  "x"
+#define PRIx64  "lx"
+#define PRIX8   "X"
+#define PRIX16  "X"
+#define PRIX32  "X"
+#define PRIX64  "lX"
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_INTTYPES_H */

programs/include/libc/limits.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_LIMITS_H
+#define _LIBC_LIMITS_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#define CHAR_BIT   8
+
+#define SCHAR_MIN  (-128)
+#define SCHAR_MAX  127
+#define UCHAR_MAX  255
+
+#define SHRT_MIN   (-32768)
+#define SHRT_MAX   32767
+#define USHRT_MAX  65535
+
+#define INT_MIN    (-2147483647 - 1)
+#define INT_MAX    2147483647
+#define UINT_MAX   4294967295U
+
+#define LONG_MIN   (-9223372036854775807L - 1)
+#define LONG_MAX   9223372036854775807L
+#define ULONG_MAX  18446744073709551615UL
+
+#define LLONG_MIN  (-9223372036854775807LL - 1)
+#define LLONG_MAX  9223372036854775807LL
+#define ULLONG_MAX 18446744073709551615ULL
+
+#define PATH_MAX   4096
+#define NAME_MAX   256
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_LIMITS_H */

programs/include/libc/math.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_MATH_H
+#define _LIBC_MATH_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define HUGE_VAL  __builtin_huge_val()
+#define INFINITY  __builtin_inff()
+#define NAN       __builtin_nanf("")
+
+double fabs(double x);
+double floor(double x);
+double ceil(double x);
+double sqrt(double x);
+double sin(double x);
+double cos(double x);
+double atan2(double y, double x);
+double pow(double base, double exp);
+double log(double x);
+double exp(double x);
+double fmod(double x, double y);
+double round(double x);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_MATH_H */

programs/include/libc/stdio.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_STDIO_H
+#define _LIBC_STDIO_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#define EOF      (-1)
+#define SEEK_SET 0
+#define SEEK_CUR 1
+#define SEEK_END 2
+#define BUFSIZ   1024
+#define FILENAME_MAX 256
+
+typedef struct _FILE {
+    int           handle;
+    unsigned long pos;
+    unsigned long size;
+    int           eof;
+    int           error;
+    int           is_std;
+    int           ungetc_buf;
+} FILE;
+
+extern FILE *stdin;
+extern FILE *stdout;
+extern FILE *stderr;
+
+int    printf(const char *fmt, ...);
+int    fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, ...);
+int    sprintf(char *str, const char *fmt, ...);
+int    snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
+int    vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+int    vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+int    vsprintf(char *str, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+int    vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+
+int    puts(const char *s);
+int    putchar(int c);
+
+FILE  *fopen(const char *path, const char *mode);
+int    fclose(FILE *stream);
+size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);
+size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);
+int    fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int whence);
+long   ftell(FILE *stream);
+int    fflush(FILE *stream);
+
+int    rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+int    remove(const char *path);
+
+int    sscanf(const char *str, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+int    feof(FILE *stream);
+int    ferror(FILE *stream);
+void   clearerr(FILE *stream);
+
+int    fgetc(FILE *stream);
+int    getc(FILE *stream);
+int    ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);
+char  *fgets(char *s, int size, FILE *stream);
+int    fputs(const char *s, FILE *stream);
+
+void   perror(const char *s);
+FILE  *tmpfile(void);
+char  *tmpnam(char *s);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_STDIO_H */

programs/include/libc/stdlib.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_STDLIB_H
+#define _LIBC_STDLIB_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NULL
+#define NULL ((void *)0)
+#endif
+
+#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
+#define EXIT_FAILURE 1
+#define RAND_MAX     0x7fffffff
+
+typedef struct {
+    int quot;
+    int rem;
+} div_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    long quot;
+    long rem;
+} ldiv_t;
+
+void  *malloc(size_t size);
+void   free(void *ptr);
+void  *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
+void  *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
+
+int    atoi(const char *s);
+long   atol(const char *s);
+double atof(const char *s);
+
+int    abs(int j);
+long   labs(long j);
+
+void   exit(int status);
+void   abort(void);
+int    atexit(void (*func)(void));
+
+char  *getenv(const char *name);
+
+void   qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+              int (*compar)(const void *, const void *));
+
+long          strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
+unsigned long strtoul(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
+
+int    rand(void);
+void   srand(unsigned int seed);
+
+div_t  div(int numer, int denom);
+ldiv_t ldiv(long numer, long denom);
+
+int    system(const char *command);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_STDLIB_H */

programs/include/libc/string.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_STRING_H
+#define _LIBC_STRING_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+void *memset(void *s, int c, size_t n);
+void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+int   memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
+
+size_t strlen(const char *s);
+int    strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+int    strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
+char  *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
+char  *strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
+char  *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
+char  *strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
+char  *strdup(const char *s);
+char  *strchr(const char *s, int c);
+char  *strrchr(const char *s, int c);
+int    strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+int    strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
+char  *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_STRING_H */

programs/include/libc/strings.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_STRINGS_H
+#define _LIBC_STRINGS_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+int strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_STRINGS_H */

programs/include/libc/sys/stat.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_SYS_STAT_H
+#define _LIBC_SYS_STAT_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct stat {
+    unsigned long st_size;
+};
+
+int mkdir(const char *path, unsigned int mode);
+int stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
+int fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_SYS_STAT_H */

programs/include/libc/sys/time.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_SYS_TIME_H
+#define _LIBC_SYS_TIME_H
+
+/* Stub header for ZenithOS */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+struct timeval {
+    long tv_sec;
+    long tv_usec;
+};
+
+struct timezone {
+    int tz_minuteswest;
+    int tz_dsttime;
+};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_SYS_TIME_H */

programs/include/libc/sys/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_SYS_TYPES_H
+#define _LIBC_SYS_TYPES_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef unsigned long size_t;
+typedef long          ssize_t;
+typedef long          off_t;
+typedef int           pid_t;
+typedef unsigned int  mode_t;
+typedef unsigned int  uid_t;
+typedef unsigned int  gid_t;
+typedef long          time_t;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_SYS_TYPES_H */

programs/include/libc/unistd.h

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef _LIBC_UNISTD_H
+#define _LIBC_UNISTD_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+int    read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
+int    write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
+int    close(int fd);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBC_UNISTD_H */

programs/include/zenith/heap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+    * heap.h
+    * Userspace heap allocator for ZenithOS programs
+    * Free-list allocator backed by SYS_ALLOC page requests.
+    * Adapted from the kernel HeapAllocator.
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+#include <zenith/syscall.h>
+
+namespace zenith {
+namespace heap_detail {
+
+    static constexpr uint64_t HEADER_MAGIC = 0x5A484541;  // "ZHEA"
+
+    struct Header {
+        uint64_t magic;
+        uint64_t size;     // user-requested size
+    } __attribute__((packed));
+
+    struct FreeNode {
+        uint64_t  size;    // total size of this free block (including node)
+        FreeNode* next;
+    };
+
+    // Per-process heap state (single TU per program, so static is fine)
+    static FreeNode  g_head{0, nullptr};
+    static bool      g_initialized = false;
+
+    static inline Header* get_header(void* block) {
+        return (Header*)((uint8_t*)block - sizeof(Header));
+    }
+
+    static inline void insert_free(void* ptr, uint64_t size) {
+        auto* node  = (FreeNode*)ptr;
+        node->size  = size;
+        node->next  = g_head.next;
+        g_head.next = node;
+    }
+
+    static inline void grow(uint64_t bytes) {
+        uint64_t pages = (bytes + 0xFFF) / 0x1000;
+        if (pages < 4) pages = 4;          // grow at least 16 KiB at a time
+
+        void* mem = zenith::alloc(pages * 0x1000);
+        if (mem != nullptr)
+            insert_free(mem, pages * 0x1000);
+    }
+
+} // namespace heap_detail
+
+    // ---- Public API ----
+
+    inline void* malloc(uint64_t size) {
+        using namespace heap_detail;
+
+        if (!g_initialized) {
+            grow(16 * 0x1000);             // seed with 64 KiB
+            g_initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t needed = size + sizeof(Header);
+        needed = (needed + 15) & ~15ULL;   // 16-byte alignment
+
+        FreeNode* prev    = &g_head;
+        FreeNode* current = g_head.next;
+
+        while (current != nullptr) {
+            if (current->size >= needed) {
+                uint64_t blockSize = current->size;
+
+                // Unlink
+                prev->next = current->next;
+
+                // Split if worthwhile
+                if (blockSize > needed + sizeof(FreeNode) + 16) {
+                    void*    rest     = (void*)((uint8_t*)current + needed);
+                    uint64_t restSize = blockSize - needed;
+                    insert_free(rest, restSize);
+                }
+
+                // Write allocation header
+                Header* header = (Header*)current;
+                header->magic  = HEADER_MAGIC;
+                header->size   = size;
+
+                return (void*)((uint8_t*)header + sizeof(Header));
+            }
+
+            prev    = current;
+            current = current->next;
+        }
+
+        // No fit — grow and retry
+        grow(needed);
+        return malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    inline void mfree(void* ptr) {
+        using namespace heap_detail;
+
+        if (ptr == nullptr) return;
+
+        Header* header = get_header(ptr);
+
+        uint64_t blockSize = header->size + sizeof(Header);
+        blockSize = (blockSize + 15) & ~15ULL;
+
+        insert_free((void*)header, blockSize);
+    }
+
+    inline void* realloc(void* ptr, uint64_t size) {
+        if (ptr == nullptr) return malloc(size);
+
+        auto* header  = heap_detail::get_header(ptr);
+        uint64_t  old = header->size;
+
+        void* newBlock = malloc(size);
+        if (newBlock == nullptr) return nullptr;
+
+        // Copy the smaller of old/new sizes
+        uint64_t copySize = (old < size) ? old : size;
+        uint8_t* dst = (uint8_t*)newBlock;
+        uint8_t* src = (uint8_t*)ptr;
+        for (uint64_t i = 0; i < copySize; i++)
+            dst[i] = src[i];
+
+        mfree(ptr);
+        return newBlock;
+    }
+
+} // namespace zenith

programs/include/zenith/syscall.h

@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ namespace zenith {
     inline void yield() { syscall0(Zenith::SYS_YIELD); }
     inline void sleep_ms(uint64_t ms) { syscall1(Zenith::SYS_SLEEP_MS, ms); }
     inline int getpid() { return (int)syscall0(Zenith::SYS_GETPID); }
+    inline int spawn(const char* path, const char* args = nullptr) {
+        return (int)syscall2(Zenith::SYS_SPAWN, (uint64_t)path, (uint64_t)args);
+    }
 
     // Console
     inline void print(const char* text) { syscall1(Zenith::SYS_PRINT, (uint64_t)text); }
@@ -154,4 +157,23 @@ namespace zenith {
         return (int32_t)syscall2(Zenith::SYS_PING, (uint64_t)ip, (uint64_t)timeoutMs);
     }
 
+    // Process management
+    inline void waitpid(int pid) { syscall1(Zenith::SYS_WAITPID, (uint64_t)pid); }
+
+    // Framebuffer
+    inline void fb_info(Zenith::FbInfo* info) { syscall1(Zenith::SYS_FBINFO, (uint64_t)info); }
+    inline void* fb_map() { return (void*)syscall0(Zenith::SYS_FBMAP); }
+
+    // Arguments
+    inline int getargs(char* buf, uint64_t maxLen) {
+        return (int)syscall2(Zenith::SYS_GETARGS, (uint64_t)buf, maxLen);
+    }
+
+    // Terminal
+    inline void termsize(int* cols, int* rows) {
+        uint64_t r = (uint64_t)syscall0(Zenith::SYS_TERMSIZE);
+        if (cols) *cols = (int)(r & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+        if (rows) *rows = (int)(r >> 32);
+    }
+
 }

programs/man/file.2

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+.TH FILE 2
+.SH NAME
+    open, read, getsize, close, readdir - file I/O system calls
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BI     int zenith::open(const char* path);
+.BI     int zenith::read(int handle, uint8_t* buf, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size);
+.BI     uint64_t zenith::getsize(int handle);
+.BI     void zenith::close(int handle);
+.BI     int zenith::readdir(const char* path, const char** names, int max);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    ZenithOS provides a simple read-only Virtual File System (VFS)
+    backed by the boot ramdisk. Files are accessed via paths in the
+    format "<drive>:/<name>", where drive 0 is the ramdisk.
+
+.SS open
+    Opens a file and returns a non-negative handle on success, or a
+    negative value on error (file not found, no free handles).
+
+        int h = zenith::open("0:/shell.elf");
+
+.SS read
+    Reads up to 'size' bytes starting at 'offset' into 'buf'.
+    Returns the number of bytes actually read, or negative on error.
+    There is no implicit file position -- the offset is explicit on
+    every call.
+
+        uint8_t buf[512];
+        int n = zenith::read(h, buf, 0, 512);
+
+.SS getsize
+    Returns the total size in bytes of the file.
+
+        uint64_t sz = zenith::getsize(h);
+
+.SS close
+    Closes the file handle and frees kernel resources.
+
+        zenith::close(h);
+
+.SS readdir
+    Lists entries in a directory. Up to 'max' entry names (max 64)
+    are written to the 'names' array. The kernel allocates a user-
+    accessible page for the string data automatically.
+
+        const char* entries[64];
+        int count = zenith::readdir("0:/", entries, 64);
+
+.SH READING PATTERN
+    The standard pattern for reading a file:
+
+        int h = zenith::open("0:/myfile.txt");
+        uint64_t size = zenith::getsize(h);
+        uint8_t buf[512];
+        uint64_t off = 0;
+        while (off < size) {
+            uint64_t chunk = size - off;
+            if (chunk > 511) chunk = 511;
+            int n = zenith::read(h, buf, off, chunk);
+            if (n <= 0) break;
+            buf[n] = '\0';
+            zenith::print((const char*)buf);
+            off += n;
+        }
+        zenith::close(h);
+
+.SH NOTES
+    The filesystem is read-only. There are no write or create calls.
+    All files live on the ramdisk which is loaded at boot from a
+    USTAR tar archive.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    syscalls(2), spawn(2), malloc(3)

programs/man/framebuffer.2

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.TH FRAMEBUFFER 2
+.SH NAME
+    fb_info, fb_map - direct framebuffer access
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BI     void zenith::fb_info(Zenith::FbInfo* info);
+.BI     void* zenith::fb_map();
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    These syscalls allow userspace programs to access the linear
+    framebuffer directly for graphical output.
+
+.SS fb_info
+    Fills in an FbInfo structure with the framebuffer geometry:
+
+        Zenith::FbInfo fb;
+        zenith::fb_info(&fb);
+        // fb.width, fb.height, fb.pitch, fb.bpp
+
+    The pitch is the number of bytes per scanline (may be larger
+    than width * 4 due to alignment). bpp is always 32.
+
+.SS fb_map
+    Maps the physical framebuffer into the process address space at
+    a fixed virtual address (0x50000000) and returns that address.
+
+        uint32_t* pixels = (uint32_t*)zenith::fb_map();
+
+    Each pixel is a 32-bit value in 0xAARRGGBB format (blue in the
+    low byte). Writing to this memory directly updates the screen.
+
+.SH PIXEL FORMAT
+        Bits 31-24:  Alpha (unused, typically 0xFF)
+        Bits 23-16:  Red
+        Bits 15-8:   Green
+        Bits 7-0:    Blue
+
+    Example: red = 0x00FF0000, green = 0x0000FF00, blue = 0x000000FF
+
+.SH EXAMPLE
+    Fill the screen with blue:
+
+        Zenith::FbInfo fb;
+        zenith::fb_info(&fb);
+        uint32_t* pixels = (uint32_t*)zenith::fb_map();
+
+        for (uint64_t y = 0; y < fb.height; y++) {
+            uint32_t* row = (uint32_t*)((uint8_t*)pixels + y * fb.pitch);
+            for (uint64_t x = 0; x < fb.width; x++) {
+                row[x] = 0x000000FF;
+            }
+        }
+
+.SH NOTES
+    After mapping, the cursor overlay is not composited. Programs
+    that use the framebuffer take full control of screen output.
+
+    Only one mapping per process is supported. Calling fb_map()
+    multiple times returns the same address.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    syscalls(2), malloc(3)

programs/man/intro.1

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+.TH INTRO 1
+.SH NAME
+    intro - introduction to ZenithOS userspace
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    ZenithOS is a hobbyist 64-bit operating system written in C++20.
+    Userspace programs run in Ring 3, are loaded as static ELF64
+    binaries, and communicate with the kernel through the x86-64
+    SYSCALL/SYSRET mechanism.
+
+    Programs are compiled with a freestanding cross-compiler and
+    linked at virtual address 0x400000. There is no standard C
+    library for C++ programs -- all system interaction goes through
+    the zenith:: syscall wrappers.
+
+.SH GETTING STARTED
+    To write a new program, create a directory under programs/src/
+    with a main.cpp file. The entry point is:
+
+        extern "C" void _start() { ... }
+
+    There is no argc/argv. Include <zenith/syscall.h> for the full
+    typed syscall API. Include <zenith/heap.h> for malloc/mfree.
+
+    Build with:
+
+        cd programs && make
+
+    The resulting ELF binary appears in programs/bin/.
+
+.SH SHELL
+    The built-in shell is the primary way to interact with ZenithOS.
+    Type 'help' at the shell prompt for a list of commands. Use
+    'man shell' for detailed shell documentation.
+
+.SH MAN PAGES
+    The following man pages are available:
+
+        intro(1)        This page
+        shell(1)        Shell commands reference
+        man(1)          The man command itself
+        syscalls(2)     Overview of all syscalls
+        spawn(2)        Process spawning
+        file(2)         File I/O syscalls
+        framebuffer(2)  Framebuffer access
+        malloc(3)       Memory allocation
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    shell(1), syscalls(2), malloc(3)

programs/man/malloc.3

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+.TH MALLOC 3
+.SH NAME
+    malloc, mfree, realloc - userspace heap allocation
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BI     void* zenith::malloc(uint64_t size);
+.BI     void zenith::mfree(void* ptr);
+.BI     void* zenith::realloc(void* ptr, uint64_t size);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    The userspace heap provides dynamic memory allocation on top of
+    the kernel's page-mapping syscall (SYS_ALLOC). Include the
+    header <zenith/heap.h> to use these functions.
+
+.SS malloc
+    Allocates 'size' bytes from the free list. Returns a 16-byte
+    aligned pointer, or nullptr on failure. When the free list is
+    empty, it requests more pages from the kernel via SYS_ALLOC
+    (minimum 16 KiB growth, initial seed of 64 KiB).
+
+        char* buf = (char*)zenith::malloc(1024);
+
+.SS mfree
+    Returns the block to the userspace free list. No syscall is
+    made -- the memory stays mapped and is immediately reusable.
+    Passing nullptr is a safe no-op.
+
+        zenith::mfree(buf);
+
+.SS realloc
+    Resizes the allocation to 'size' bytes. Allocates a new block,
+    copies the smaller of old/new sizes, and frees the old block.
+    If ptr is nullptr, behaves like malloc.
+
+        buf = (char*)zenith::realloc(buf, 2048);
+
+.SH IMPLEMENTATION
+    The allocator uses a linked free-list with first-fit search.
+    Blocks larger than needed are split. The allocation header is
+    16 bytes (magic + size). All allocations are 16-byte aligned.
+
+    The heap grows by requesting pages from the kernel via
+    SYS_ALLOC. These pages are never returned to the kernel (since
+    SYS_FREE is currently a no-op), but mfree makes them available
+    for future malloc calls within the process.
+
+.SH LOW-LEVEL PAGE API
+    For large allocations or when direct page control is needed:
+
+        void* zenith::alloc(uint64_t size);  // SYS_ALLOC
+        void  zenith::free(void* ptr);       // SYS_FREE (no-op)
+
+    alloc() maps zeroed pages starting at 0x40000000 and growing
+    upward. Size is rounded up to 4 KiB page boundaries.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    syscalls(2), file(2)

programs/man/man.1

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+.TH MAN 1
+.SH NAME
+    man - display manual pages
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BI     man topic
+.BI     man section topic
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    The man command displays manual pages from the ramdisk in a
+    fullscreen pager. Pages are stored as plain text files with
+    simple formatting directives.
+
+    If no section is specified, sections 1, 2, and 3 are searched
+    in order. If a section number is given, only that section is
+    checked.
+
+.SH KEY BINDINGS
+
+.B Navigation
+    j, Down Arrow     Scroll down one line
+    k, Up Arrow       Scroll up one line
+    Space, Page Down  Scroll down one page
+    b, Page Up        Scroll up one page
+    g, Home           Go to top
+    G, End            Go to bottom
+    q                 Quit
+
+.SH SECTIONS
+    1   User commands (shell built-ins)
+    2   System calls (kernel interface)
+    3   Library functions (userspace libraries)
+
+.SH FILES
+    Man pages are stored on the ramdisk at:
+
+        0:/man/<topic>.<section>
+
+    For example, man intro reads 0:/man/intro.1
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+    man intro          View the introduction
+    man 2 syscalls     View syscall overview (section 2)
+    man malloc         View malloc documentation
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    intro(1), shell(1), syscalls(2)

programs/man/shell.1

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.TH SHELL 1
+.SH NAME
+    shell - ZenithOS interactive command shell
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    The ZenithOS shell is a simple command interpreter that runs as
+    the first userspace process. It provides basic file inspection,
+    process management, networking, and documentation access.
+
+.SH COMMANDS
+
+.SS help
+    Display a list of available commands.
+
+.SS info
+    Show the OS name, version, and syscall API version number.
+
+.SS man <topic>
+    Open a manual page in the fullscreen pager. See man(1).
+
+.SS ls
+    List all files on the ramdisk (drive 0:/).
+
+.SS cat <file>
+    Print the contents of a ramdisk file to the terminal.
+    Example: cat hello.elf
+
+.SS run <file>
+    Spawn a new process from an ELF binary on the ramdisk and wait
+    for it to exit. The shell blocks until the child process
+    terminates.
+    Example: run hello.elf
+
+.SS ping <ip>
+    Send 4 ICMP echo requests to the given IP address and display
+    round-trip times. Timeout is 3 seconds per request.
+    Example: ping 10.0.2.2
+
+.SS uptime
+    Display the system uptime in minutes, seconds, and milliseconds.
+
+.SS clear
+    Clear the terminal screen.
+
+.SS exit
+    Terminate the shell process.
+
+.SH INPUT
+    The shell reads input character by character using SYS_GETCHAR.
+    Backspace is supported. Lines are limited to 255 characters.
+    There is no command history or tab completion.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    man(1), intro(1), syscalls(2)

programs/man/spawn.2

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.TH SPAWN 2
+.SH NAME
+    spawn, waitpid - create and wait for processes
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BI     int zenith::spawn(const char* path, const char* args = nullptr);
+.BI     void zenith::waitpid(int pid);
+.BI     int zenith::getargs(char* buf, uint64_t maxLen);
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+.SS spawn
+    Loads the ELF64 binary at the given VFS path and creates a new
+    process. The path must include the drive prefix, for example:
+
+        int pid = zenith::spawn("0:/hello.elf");
+
+    An optional second argument passes a string to the child:
+
+        int pid = zenith::spawn("0:/man.elf", "intro");
+
+    The new process gets its own PML4 page table, a 16 KiB stack
+    (at 0x7FFFFEF000-0x7FFFFFF000), and begins executing at the
+    ELF entry point (_start).
+
+    Returns the new process's PID on success, or -1 on failure.
+    Failure occurs when there are no free process slots (max 16),
+    the file cannot be found, or the ELF is invalid.
+
+.SS waitpid
+    Blocks the calling process until the process with the given PID
+    has exited. Internally, this yields the CPU in a loop:
+
+        zenith::waitpid(pid);
+
+    This is how the shell implements foreground process execution --
+    it spawns a child and waits for it to complete before showing
+    the next prompt.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+    Spawn a program and wait for it:
+
+        int pid = zenith::spawn("0:/hello.elf");
+        if (pid < 0) {
+            zenith::print("spawn failed\n");
+        } else {
+            zenith::waitpid(pid);
+            zenith::print("child exited\n");
+        }
+
+.SS getargs
+    Copies the argument string into buf (up to maxLen bytes, always
+    null-terminated). Returns the number of characters copied, or
+    -1 on error.
+
+        char args[256];
+        zenith::getargs(args, sizeof(args));
+
+    The argument string is set by the parent when calling spawn().
+    If no arguments were provided, the buffer will be empty.
+
+.SH NOTES
+    The _start() entry point receives no argc/argv. Use getargs()
+    to retrieve the argument string passed by the parent process.
+
+    Process exit codes are not yet collected by waitpid.
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    syscalls(2), file(2)

programs/man/syscalls.2

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+.TH SYSCALLS 2
+.SH NAME
+    syscalls - overview of ZenithOS system calls
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+    ZenithOS provides 26 system calls (numbers 0-25) for userspace
+    programs. Syscalls use the x86-64 SYSCALL instruction with the
+    following register convention:
+
+        RAX   Syscall number (in) / return value (out)
+        RDI   Argument 1
+        RSI   Argument 2
+        RDX   Argument 3
+        R10   Argument 4
+        R8    Argument 5
+        R9    Argument 6
+
+    Include <zenith/syscall.h> for typed wrappers in the zenith::
+    namespace.
+
+.SH PROCESS MANAGEMENT
+.B SYS_EXIT (0)
+    Terminate the calling process.
+        void zenith::exit(int code = 0);
+
+.B SYS_YIELD (1)
+    Yield the remainder of the time slice.
+        void zenith::yield();
+
+.B SYS_SLEEP_MS (2)
+    Sleep for at least the given number of milliseconds.
+        void zenith::sleep_ms(uint64_t ms);
+
+.B SYS_GETPID (3)
+    Return the PID of the calling process.
+        int zenith::getpid();
+
+.B SYS_SPAWN (20)
+    Spawn a new process from an ELF binary on the VFS.
+        int zenith::spawn(const char* path, const char* args = nullptr);
+
+.B SYS_WAITPID (23)
+    Block until the given process has exited.
+        void zenith::waitpid(int pid);
+
+.SH CONSOLE I/O
+.B SYS_PRINT (4)
+    Write a null-terminated string to the terminal.
+        void zenith::print(const char* text);
+
+.B SYS_PUTCHAR (5)
+    Write a single character to the terminal.
+        void zenith::putchar(char c);
+
+.SH FILE I/O
+.B SYS_OPEN (6)
+    Open a file. Returns a handle or negative on error.
+        int zenith::open(const char* path);
+
+.B SYS_READ (7)
+    Read bytes from a file at a given offset.
+        int zenith::read(int h, uint8_t* buf, uint64_t off, uint64_t sz);
+
+.B SYS_GETSIZE (8)
+    Get the size of an open file in bytes.
+        uint64_t zenith::getsize(int handle);
+
+.B SYS_CLOSE (9)
+    Close a file handle.
+        void zenith::close(int handle);
+
+.B SYS_READDIR (10)
+    List directory entries (max 64 per call).
+        int zenith::readdir(const char* path, const char** names, int max);
+
+.SH MEMORY
+.B SYS_ALLOC (11)
+    Map zeroed pages into the process address space.
+        void* zenith::alloc(uint64_t size);
+
+.B SYS_FREE (12)
+    Reserved (currently a no-op).
+        void zenith::free(void* ptr);
+
+.SH TIMEKEEPING
+.B SYS_GETTICKS (13)
+    Get APIC timer ticks since boot.
+        uint64_t zenith::get_ticks();
+
+.B SYS_GETMILLISECONDS (14)
+    Get milliseconds elapsed since boot.
+        uint64_t zenith::get_milliseconds();
+
+.SH SYSTEM
+.B SYS_GETINFO (15)
+    Get OS name, version, and configuration.
+        void zenith::get_info(Zenith::SysInfo* info);
+
+.SH KEYBOARD
+.B SYS_ISKEYAVAILABLE (16)
+    Check if a key event is pending (non-blocking).
+        bool zenith::is_key_available();
+
+.B SYS_GETKEY (17)
+    Get the next key event (press or release).
+        void zenith::getkey(Zenith::KeyEvent* out);
+
+.B SYS_GETCHAR (18)
+    Block until a printable character is typed.
+        char zenith::getchar();
+
+.SH NETWORKING
+.B SYS_PING (19)
+    Send an ICMP echo request and wait for reply.
+        int32_t zenith::ping(uint32_t ip, uint32_t timeoutMs);
+
+.SH FRAMEBUFFER
+.B SYS_FBINFO (21)
+    Get framebuffer dimensions and format.
+        void zenith::fb_info(Zenith::FbInfo* info);
+
+.B SYS_FBMAP (22)
+    Map the framebuffer into process memory at 0x50000000.
+        void* zenith::fb_map();
+
+.SH TERMINAL
+.B SYS_TERMSIZE (24)
+    Get terminal dimensions (columns and rows).
+        void zenith::termsize(int* cols, int* rows);
+
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+.B SYS_GETARGS (25)
+    Get the argument string passed to this process at spawn time.
+        int zenith::getargs(char* buf, uint64_t maxLen);
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+    spawn(2), file(2), framebuffer(2), malloc(3)

programs/src/doom/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# Makefile for DOOM (doomgeneric) on ZenithOS
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+
+MAKEFLAGS += -rR
+.SUFFIXES:
+
+# ---- Toolchain ----
+
+TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX := $(shell cd ../../.. && pwd)/toolchain/local/bin/x86_64-elf-
+ifneq ($(wildcard $(TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX)gcc),)
+    CC := $(TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX)gcc
+    LD := $(TOOLCHAIN_PREFIX)gcc
+else
+    CC := gcc
+    LD := gcc
+endif
+
+# ---- Paths ----
+
+DOOM_SRC   := ../../../doomgeneric/doomgeneric
+LIBC_INC   := ../../include/libc
+PROG_INC   := ../../include
+LINK_LD    := ../../link.ld
+BINDIR     := ../../bin
+OBJDIR     := obj
+
+# ---- Compiler flags ----
+
+CFLAGS := \
+    -std=gnu11 \
+    -g -O2 -pipe \
+    -Wall \
+    -Wno-unused-parameter \
+    -Wno-unused-variable \
+    -Wno-missing-field-initializers \
+    -Wno-sign-compare \
+    -Wno-pointer-sign \
+    -nostdinc \
+    -ffreestanding \
+    -fno-stack-protector \
+    -fno-stack-check \
+    -fno-PIC \
+    -ffunction-sections \
+    -fdata-sections \
+    -m64 \
+    -march=x86-64 \
+    -msse \
+    -msse2 \
+    -mno-red-zone \
+    -mcmodel=small \
+    -DNORMALUNIX \
+    -DLINUX \
+    -isystem $(LIBC_INC) \
+    -I $(PROG_INC) \
+    -I $(DOOM_SRC) \
+    -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
+
+# ---- Linker flags ----
+
+LDFLAGS := \
+    -nostdlib \
+    -static \
+    -Wl,--build-id=none \
+    -Wl,--gc-sections \
+    -Wl,-m,elf_x86_64 \
+    -z max-page-size=0x1000 \
+    -T $(LINK_LD)
+
+# ---- DOOM source files (excluding platform-specific ports and sound backends) ----
+
+DOOM_SRCS := \
+    am_map.c \
+    d_event.c \
+    d_items.c \
+    d_iwad.c \
+    d_loop.c \
+    d_main.c \
+    d_mode.c \
+    d_net.c \
+    doomdef.c \
+    doomgeneric.c \
+    doomstat.c \
+    dstrings.c \
+    dummy.c \
+    f_finale.c \
+    f_wipe.c \
+    g_game.c \
+    gusconf.c \
+    hu_lib.c \
+    hu_stuff.c \
+    i_cdmus.c \
+    i_endoom.c \
+    i_input.c \
+    i_joystick.c \
+    i_scale.c \
+    i_sound.c \
+    i_system.c \
+    i_timer.c \
+    i_video.c \
+    info.c \
+    m_argv.c \
+    m_bbox.c \
+    m_cheat.c \
+    m_config.c \
+    m_controls.c \
+    m_fixed.c \
+    m_menu.c \
+    m_misc.c \
+    m_random.c \
+    memio.c \
+    mus2mid.c \
+    p_ceilng.c \
+    p_doors.c \
+    p_enemy.c \
+    p_floor.c \
+    p_inter.c \
+    p_lights.c \
+    p_map.c \
+    p_maputl.c \
+    p_mobj.c \
+    p_plats.c \
+    p_pspr.c \
+    p_saveg.c \
+    p_setup.c \
+    p_sight.c \
+    p_spec.c \
+    p_switch.c \
+    p_telept.c \
+    p_tick.c \
+    p_user.c \
+    r_bsp.c \
+    r_data.c \
+    r_draw.c \
+    r_main.c \
+    r_plane.c \
+    r_segs.c \
+    r_sky.c \
+    r_things.c \
+    s_sound.c \
+    sha1.c \
+    sounds.c \
+    st_lib.c \
+    st_stuff.c \
+    statdump.c \
+    tables.c \
+    v_video.c \
+    w_checksum.c \
+    w_file.c \
+    w_file_stdc.c \
+    w_main.c \
+    w_wad.c \
+    wi_stuff.c \
+    z_zone.c
+
+# Local source files
+LOCAL_SRCS := doomgeneric_zenith.c libc.c
+
+# ---- Object files ----
+
+DOOM_OBJS  := $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(DOOM_SRCS:.c=.o))
+LOCAL_OBJS := $(addprefix $(OBJDIR)/,$(LOCAL_SRCS:.c=.o))
+ALL_OBJS   := $(DOOM_OBJS) $(LOCAL_OBJS)
+
+# ---- Target ----
+
+TARGET := $(BINDIR)/doom.elf
+
+.PHONY: all clean
+
+all: $(TARGET)
+
+$(TARGET): $(ALL_OBJS) $(LINK_LD) Makefile
+	mkdir -p $(BINDIR)
+	$(LD) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(ALL_OBJS) -o $@
+
+# DOOM source files (from doomgeneric directory)
+$(OBJDIR)/%.o: $(DOOM_SRC)/%.c Makefile
+	mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+# Local source files
+$(OBJDIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile
+	mkdir -p $(OBJDIR)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(OBJDIR) $(TARGET)

programs/src/doom/doomgeneric_zenith.c

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+    * doomgeneric_zenith.c
+    * DOOM platform implementation for ZenithOS
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#include "doomgeneric.h"
+#include "doomkeys.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* ---- Raw syscall interface (C versions) ---- */
+
+static inline long _zos_syscall0(long nr) {
+    long ret;
+    __asm__ volatile("syscall" : "=a"(ret) : "a"(nr)
+        : "rcx", "r11", "rdi", "rsi", "rdx", "r8", "r9", "r10", "memory");
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static inline long _zos_syscall1(long nr, long a1) {
+    long ret;
+    __asm__ volatile(
+        "mov %[a1], %%rdi\n\t"
+        "syscall"
+        : "=a"(ret)
+        : "a"(nr), [a1] "r"(a1)
+        : "rcx", "r11", "rdi", "rsi", "rdx", "r8", "r9", "r10", "memory");
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/* Syscall numbers (must match kernel/src/Api/Syscall.hpp) */
+#define SYS_EXIT            0
+#define SYS_SLEEP_MS        2
+#define SYS_PRINT           4
+#define SYS_GETMILLISECONDS 14
+#define SYS_ISKEYAVAILABLE  16
+#define SYS_GETKEY          17
+#define SYS_FBINFO          21
+#define SYS_FBMAP           22
+
+/* FbInfo struct (must match kernel definition) */
+struct FbInfo {
+    unsigned long width;
+    unsigned long height;
+    unsigned long pitch;
+    unsigned long bpp;
+    unsigned long userAddr;
+};
+
+/* KeyEvent struct (must match kernel definition) */
+struct KeyEvent {
+    unsigned char scancode;
+    char          ascii;
+    unsigned char pressed;
+    unsigned char shift;
+    unsigned char ctrl;
+    unsigned char alt;
+};
+
+/* ---- Framebuffer state ---- */
+
+static uint32_t* g_fbPtr    = 0;
+static uint32_t  g_fbWidth  = 0;
+static uint32_t  g_fbHeight = 0;
+static uint32_t  g_fbPitch  = 0; /* bytes per scanline */
+
+/* ---- Circular key queue ---- */
+
+#define KEY_QUEUE_SIZE 64
+
+struct KeyQueueEntry {
+    int pressed;
+    unsigned char doomkey;
+};
+
+static struct KeyQueueEntry g_keyQueue[KEY_QUEUE_SIZE];
+static int g_keyQueueRead  = 0;
+static int g_keyQueueWrite = 0;
+
+static void key_queue_push(int pressed, unsigned char doomkey) {
+    int next = (g_keyQueueWrite + 1) % KEY_QUEUE_SIZE;
+    if (next == g_keyQueueRead) return; /* full, drop */
+    g_keyQueue[g_keyQueueWrite].pressed = pressed;
+    g_keyQueue[g_keyQueueWrite].doomkey = doomkey;
+    g_keyQueueWrite = next;
+}
+
+static int key_queue_pop(int* pressed, unsigned char* doomkey) {
+    if (g_keyQueueRead == g_keyQueueWrite) return 0;
+    *pressed = g_keyQueue[g_keyQueueRead].pressed;
+    *doomkey = g_keyQueue[g_keyQueueRead].doomkey;
+    g_keyQueueRead = (g_keyQueueRead + 1) % KEY_QUEUE_SIZE;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* ---- PS/2 scancode to ASCII table (set 1, unshifted) ---- */
+
+static const char scancode_to_ascii[128] = {
+    0,  27, '1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0','-','=','\b',
+    '\t','q','w','e','r','t','y','u','i','o','p','[',']','\n',
+    0,  'a','s','d','f','g','h','j','k','l',';','\'','`',
+    0,  '\\','z','x','c','v','b','n','m',',','.','/', 0,
+    '*', 0, ' '
+};
+
+/* ---- PS/2 scancode to DOOM key mapping ---- */
+
+static unsigned char scancode_to_doomkey(unsigned char scancode, char ascii) {
+    switch (scancode) {
+        case 0x48: return KEY_UPARROW;
+        case 0x50: return KEY_DOWNARROW;
+        case 0x4B: return KEY_LEFTARROW;
+        case 0x4D: return KEY_RIGHTARROW;
+        case 0x1C: return KEY_ENTER;
+        case 0x01: return KEY_ESCAPE;
+        case 0x39: return ' ';          /* Space = use */
+        case 0x1D: return KEY_RCTRL;    /* LCtrl = fire */
+        case 0x2A: return KEY_RSHIFT;   /* LShift = run */
+        case 0x36: return KEY_RSHIFT;   /* RShift = run */
+        case 0x38: return KEY_RALT;     /* Alt = strafe */
+        case 0x0E: return KEY_BACKSPACE;
+        case 0x0F: return KEY_TAB;
+        /* F1-F10 */
+        case 0x3B: return KEY_F1;
+        case 0x3C: return KEY_F2;
+        case 0x3D: return KEY_F3;
+        case 0x3E: return KEY_F4;
+        case 0x3F: return KEY_F5;
+        case 0x40: return KEY_F6;
+        case 0x41: return KEY_F7;
+        case 0x42: return KEY_F8;
+        case 0x43: return KEY_F9;
+        case 0x44: return KEY_F10;
+        case 0x57: return KEY_F11;
+        case 0x58: return KEY_F12;
+        /* Equals and minus for screen size */
+        case 0x0D: return KEY_EQUALS;
+        case 0x0C: return KEY_MINUS;
+        default:
+            /* Pass through printable ASCII as lowercase */
+            if (ascii >= 'a' && ascii <= 'z') return (unsigned char)ascii;
+            if (ascii >= '0' && ascii <= '9') return (unsigned char)ascii;
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* ---- Poll keyboard and enqueue events ---- */
+
+static void poll_keyboard(void) {
+    while (_zos_syscall0(SYS_ISKEYAVAILABLE)) {
+        struct KeyEvent evt;
+        _zos_syscall1(SYS_GETKEY, (long)&evt);
+
+        unsigned char baseSc = evt.scancode & 0x7F; /* strip break bit */
+
+        char ascii = 0;
+        if (baseSc < 128)
+            ascii = scancode_to_ascii[baseSc];
+
+        unsigned char dk = scancode_to_doomkey(baseSc, ascii);
+        if (dk != 0) {
+            key_queue_push(evt.pressed ? 1 : 0, dk);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* ---- DG platform functions ---- */
+
+void DG_Init(void) {
+    struct FbInfo info;
+    _zos_syscall1(SYS_FBINFO, (long)&info);
+
+    g_fbWidth  = (uint32_t)info.width;
+    g_fbHeight = (uint32_t)info.height;
+    g_fbPitch  = (uint32_t)info.pitch;
+
+    g_fbPtr = (uint32_t*)(unsigned long)_zos_syscall0(SYS_FBMAP);
+
+    printf("DOOM: framebuffer %ux%u pitch=%u mapped at %p\n",
+           g_fbWidth, g_fbHeight, g_fbPitch, (void*)g_fbPtr);
+}
+
+void DG_DrawFrame(void) {
+    /* Poll keyboard first */
+    poll_keyboard();
+
+    /* Copy DG_ScreenBuffer (DOOMGENERIC_RESX x DOOMGENERIC_RESY) to framebuffer */
+    if (g_fbPtr == 0 || DG_ScreenBuffer == 0) return;
+
+    uint32_t copyW = DOOMGENERIC_RESX;
+    uint32_t copyH = DOOMGENERIC_RESY;
+    if (copyW > g_fbWidth)  copyW = g_fbWidth;
+    if (copyH > g_fbHeight) copyH = g_fbHeight;
+
+    uint32_t fbStride = g_fbPitch / 4; /* pixels per scanline */
+
+    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < copyH; y++) {
+        uint32_t* dst = g_fbPtr + y * fbStride;
+        uint32_t* src = DG_ScreenBuffer + y * DOOMGENERIC_RESX;
+        memcpy(dst, src, copyW * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    }
+}
+
+void DG_SleepMs(uint32_t ms) {
+    _zos_syscall1(SYS_SLEEP_MS, (long)ms);
+}
+
+uint32_t DG_GetTicksMs(void) {
+    return (uint32_t)_zos_syscall0(SYS_GETMILLISECONDS);
+}
+
+int DG_GetKey(int* pressed, unsigned char* doomKey) {
+    return key_queue_pop(pressed, doomKey);
+}
+
+void DG_SetWindowTitle(const char* title) {
+    (void)title;
+}
+
+/* ---- Entry point ---- */
+
+void _start(void) {
+    char *argv[] = { "doom", "-iwad", "0:/doom1.wad", 0 };
+    doomgeneric_Create(3, argv);
+    for (;;) {
+        doomgeneric_Tick();
+    }
+}

programs/src/man/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+/*
+    * main.cpp
+    * Manual page viewer for ZenithOS
+    * Fullscreen pager with ANSI formatting and keyboard navigation
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#include <zenith/syscall.h>
+#include <zenith/heap.h>
+
+// ---- Utility functions ----
+
+static bool starts_with(const char* str, const char* prefix) {
+    while (*prefix) {
+        if (*str != *prefix) return false;
+        str++; prefix++;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static const char* skip_spaces(const char* s) {
+    while (*s == ' ') s++;
+    return s;
+}
+
+static int slen(const char* s) {
+    int n = 0;
+    while (s[n]) n++;
+    return n;
+}
+
+static void print_int(uint64_t n) {
+    if (n == 0) {
+        zenith::putchar('0');
+        return;
+    }
+    char buf[20];
+    int i = 0;
+    while (n > 0) {
+        buf[i++] = '0' + (n % 10);
+        n /= 10;
+    }
+    for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+        zenith::putchar(buf[j]);
+    }
+}
+
+// ---- Pager rendering ----
+
+static constexpr int MAN_MAX_LINES = 2048;
+
+static int int_to_buf(char* buf, int n) {
+    if (n == 0) { buf[0] = '0'; return 1; }
+    char tmp[12];
+    int i = 0;
+    while (n > 0) { tmp[i++] = '0' + (n % 10); n /= 10; }
+    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) buf[j] = tmp[i - 1 - j];
+    return i;
+}
+
+static void cursor_to(int row, int col) {
+    char seq[24] = "\033[";
+    int p = 2;
+    p += int_to_buf(seq + p, row);
+    seq[p++] = ';';
+    p += int_to_buf(seq + p, col);
+    seq[p++] = 'H';
+    seq[p] = '\0';
+    zenith::print(seq);
+}
+
+struct ManLine {
+    const char* text;
+    int         len;
+    bool        isSH;
+    bool        isSS;
+    bool        isBold;
+    bool        isTH;
+};
+
+static void man_render(ManLine* lines, int totalLines, int scroll, int rows, int cols,
+                       const char* name, int section) {
+    int contentRows = rows - 1;
+
+    for (int r = 0; r < contentRows; r++) {
+        cursor_to(r + 1, 1);
+        zenith::print("\033[2K");
+
+        int idx = scroll + r;
+        if (idx < 0 || idx >= totalLines) continue;
+
+        ManLine& ln = lines[idx];
+        if (ln.isTH) continue;
+
+        if (ln.isSH || ln.isSS || ln.isBold) {
+            zenith::print("\033[1m");
+        }
+
+        if (ln.isSS) {
+            zenith::print("   ");
+        }
+
+        int maxW = cols;
+        if (ln.isSS) maxW -= 3;
+        int printLen = ln.len;
+        if (printLen > maxW) printLen = maxW;
+        for (int c = 0; c < printLen; c++) {
+            zenith::putchar(ln.text[c]);
+        }
+
+        if (ln.isSH || ln.isSS || ln.isBold) {
+            zenith::print("\033[0m");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Status bar
+    cursor_to(rows, 1);
+    zenith::print("\033[7m");
+    zenith::print(" Manual page ");
+    zenith::print(name);
+    zenith::putchar('(');
+    print_int((uint64_t)section);
+    zenith::putchar(')');
+    zenith::print(" line ");
+    print_int((uint64_t)(scroll + 1));
+    zenith::putchar('/');
+    print_int((uint64_t)totalLines);
+
+    int padCount = cols - 30 - slen(name);
+    for (int i = 0; i < padCount; i++) zenith::putchar(' ');
+
+    zenith::print("\033[0m");
+}
+
+// ---- Main ----
+
+extern "C" void _start() {
+    // Get arguments passed by the shell (e.g. "intro" or "2 syscalls")
+    char argbuf[256];
+    zenith::getargs(argbuf, sizeof(argbuf));
+
+    const char* arg = skip_spaces(argbuf);
+    if (*arg == '\0') {
+        zenith::print("Usage: man <topic>\n");
+        zenith::print("       man <section> <topic>\n");
+        zenith::print("Try: man intro\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Parse optional section number and topic name
+    int section = 0;
+    const char* topic = arg;
+
+    if (arg[0] >= '1' && arg[0] <= '9' && arg[1] == ' ') {
+        section = arg[0] - '0';
+        topic = skip_spaces(arg + 2);
+    }
+
+    // Try to open man page file
+    int handle = -1;
+    int foundSection = 0;
+    char path[128];
+
+    if (section > 0) {
+        const char* prefix = "0:/man/";
+        int p = 0;
+        while (prefix[p]) { path[p] = prefix[p]; p++; }
+        int t = 0;
+        while (topic[t] && p < 120) { path[p++] = topic[t++]; }
+        path[p++] = '.';
+        path[p++] = '0' + section;
+        path[p] = '\0';
+
+        handle = zenith::open(path);
+        if (handle >= 0) foundSection = section;
+    } else {
+        for (int s = 1; s <= 3; s++) {
+            const char* prefix = "0:/man/";
+            int p = 0;
+            while (prefix[p]) { path[p] = prefix[p]; p++; }
+            int t = 0;
+            while (topic[t] && p < 120) { path[p++] = topic[t++]; }
+            path[p++] = '.';
+            path[p++] = '0' + s;
+            path[p] = '\0';
+
+            handle = zenith::open(path);
+            if (handle >= 0) {
+                foundSection = s;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (handle < 0) {
+        zenith::print("No manual entry for ");
+        zenith::print(topic);
+        zenith::putchar('\n');
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Load entire file into heap
+    uint64_t fileSize = zenith::getsize(handle);
+    if (fileSize == 0) {
+        zenith::close(handle);
+        zenith::print("Empty manual page.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char* fileData = (char*)zenith::malloc(fileSize + 1);
+    if (fileData == nullptr) {
+        zenith::close(handle);
+        zenith::print("Out of memory.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < fileSize) {
+        uint64_t chunk = fileSize - offset;
+        if (chunk > 4096) chunk = 4096;
+        int bytesRead = zenith::read(handle, (uint8_t*)fileData + offset, offset, chunk);
+        if (bytesRead <= 0) break;
+        offset += bytesRead;
+    }
+    fileData[offset] = '\0';
+    zenith::close(handle);
+
+    // Parse into lines
+    ManLine* lines = (ManLine*)zenith::malloc(MAN_MAX_LINES * sizeof(ManLine));
+    if (lines == nullptr) {
+        zenith::mfree(fileData);
+        zenith::print("Out of memory.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int totalLines = 0;
+    const char* p = fileData;
+    while (*p && totalLines < MAN_MAX_LINES) {
+        const char* lineStart = p;
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') p++;
+        int lineLen = (int)(p - lineStart);
+        if (*p == '\n') p++;
+
+        ManLine& ln = lines[totalLines];
+        ln.isSH = false;
+        ln.isSS = false;
+        ln.isBold = false;
+        ln.isTH = false;
+
+        if (starts_with(lineStart, ".TH ")) {
+            ln.isTH = true;
+            ln.text = lineStart + 4;
+            ln.len = lineLen - 4;
+        } else if (starts_with(lineStart, ".SH ")) {
+            ln.isSH = true;
+            ln.text = lineStart + 4;
+            ln.len = lineLen - 4;
+        } else if (starts_with(lineStart, ".SS ")) {
+            ln.isSS = true;
+            ln.text = lineStart + 4;
+            ln.len = lineLen - 4;
+        } else if (starts_with(lineStart, ".B ")) {
+            ln.isBold = true;
+            ln.text = lineStart + 3;
+            ln.len = lineLen - 3;
+        } else if (starts_with(lineStart, ".BI ")) {
+            ln.isBold = true;
+            ln.text = lineStart + 4;
+            ln.len = lineLen - 4;
+        } else {
+            ln.text = lineStart;
+            ln.len = lineLen;
+        }
+
+        totalLines++;
+    }
+
+    if (totalLines == 0) {
+        zenith::mfree(lines);
+        zenith::mfree(fileData);
+        zenith::print("Empty manual page.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Get terminal dimensions
+    int cols = 80, rows = 25;
+    zenith::termsize(&cols, &rows);
+
+    // Enter alternate screen, hide cursor
+    zenith::print("\033[?1049h");
+    zenith::print("\033[?25l");
+
+    int scroll = 0;
+    int maxScroll = totalLines - (rows - 1);
+    if (maxScroll < 0) maxScroll = 0;
+
+    man_render(lines, totalLines, scroll, rows, cols, topic, foundSection);
+
+    // Event loop — yield while waiting for key input
+    bool running = true;
+    while (running) {
+        while (!zenith::is_key_available()) {
+            zenith::yield();
+        }
+
+        Zenith::KeyEvent ev;
+        zenith::getkey(&ev);
+        if (!ev.pressed) continue;
+
+        int contentRows = rows - 1;
+
+        switch (ev.ascii) {
+            case 'q':
+                running = false;
+                break;
+            case 'j':
+                if (scroll < maxScroll) scroll++;
+                break;
+            case 'k':
+                if (scroll > 0) scroll--;
+                break;
+            case ' ':
+                scroll += contentRows;
+                if (scroll > maxScroll) scroll = maxScroll;
+                break;
+            case 'b':
+                scroll -= contentRows;
+                if (scroll < 0) scroll = 0;
+                break;
+            case 'g':
+                scroll = 0;
+                break;
+            case 'G':
+                scroll = maxScroll;
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Handle scancodes for special keys
+                switch (ev.scancode) {
+                    case 0x48: // Up arrow
+                        if (scroll > 0) scroll--;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x50: // Down arrow
+                        if (scroll < maxScroll) scroll++;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x49: // Page Up
+                        scroll -= contentRows;
+                        if (scroll < 0) scroll = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x51: // Page Down
+                        scroll += contentRows;
+                        if (scroll > maxScroll) scroll = maxScroll;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x47: // Home
+                        scroll = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x4F: // End
+                        scroll = maxScroll;
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (running) {
+            man_render(lines, totalLines, scroll, rows, cols, topic, foundSection);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Restore screen
+    zenith::print("\033[?25h");
+    zenith::print("\033[?1049l");
+
+    zenith::mfree(lines);
+    zenith::mfree(fileData);
+}

programs/src/shell/main.cpp

@@ -44,15 +44,17 @@ static void print_int(uint64_t n) {
 }
 
 static void prompt() {
-    zenith::print("zenith> ");
+    zenith::print("% ");
 }
 
 static void cmd_help() {
     zenith::print("Available commands:\n");
     zenith::print("  help          Show this help message\n");
     zenith::print("  info          Show system information\n");
+    zenith::print("  man <topic>   View manual pages\n");
     zenith::print("  ls            List ramdisk files\n");
     zenith::print("  cat <file>    Display file contents\n");
+    zenith::print("  run <file>    Spawn a new process from an ELF file\n");
     zenith::print("  ping <ip>     Send ICMP echo requests\n");
     zenith::print("  uptime        Show uptime in milliseconds\n");
     zenith::print("  clear         Clear the screen\n");
@@ -223,11 +225,52 @@ static void cmd_ping(const char* arg) {
     }
 }
 
-static void cmd_clear() {
+static void cmd_run(const char* arg) {
-    // Print enough newlines to scroll past visible content
+    arg = skip_spaces(arg);
-    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
+    if (*arg == '\0') {
-        zenith::putchar('\n');
+        zenith::print("Usage: run <filename>\n");
+        return;
     }
+
+    // Build path "0:/<filename>"
+    char path[128];
+    const char* prefix = "0:/";
+    int i = 0;
+    while (prefix[i]) { path[i] = prefix[i]; i++; }
+    int j = 0;
+    while (arg[j] && i < 126) { path[i++] = arg[j++]; }
+    path[i] = '\0';
+
+    int pid = zenith::spawn(path);
+    if (pid < 0) {
+        zenith::print("Error: failed to spawn '");
+        zenith::print(arg);
+        zenith::print("'\n");
+    } else {
+        zenith::waitpid(pid);
+    }
+}
+
+static void cmd_man(const char* arg) {
+    arg = skip_spaces(arg);
+    if (*arg == '\0') {
+        zenith::print("Usage: man <topic>\n");
+        zenith::print("       man <section> <topic>\n");
+        zenith::print("Try: man intro\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int pid = zenith::spawn("0:/man.elf", arg);
+    if (pid < 0) {
+        zenith::print("Error: failed to start man viewer\n");
+    } else {
+        zenith::waitpid(pid);
+    }
+}
+
+static void cmd_clear() {
+    zenith::print("\033[2J");   // Clear entire screen
+    zenith::print("\033[H");    // Move cursor to top-left
 }
 
 static void process_command(const char* line) {
@@ -241,10 +284,18 @@ static void process_command(const char* line) {
         cmd_info();
     } else if (streq(line, "ls")) {
         cmd_ls();
+    } else if (starts_with(line, "man ")) {
+        cmd_man(line + 4);
+    } else if (streq(line, "man")) {
+        cmd_man("");
     } else if (starts_with(line, "cat ")) {
         cmd_cat(line + 4);
     } else if (streq(line, "cat")) {
         cmd_cat("");
+    } else if (starts_with(line, "run ")) {
+        cmd_run(line + 4);
+    } else if (streq(line, "run")) {
+        cmd_run("");
     } else if (starts_with(line, "ping ")) {
         cmd_ping(line + 5);
     } else if (streq(line, "ping")) {
@@ -265,7 +316,10 @@ static void process_command(const char* line) {
 
 extern "C" void _start() {
     zenith::print("\n");
-    zenith::print("  ZenithOS Shell v0.1\n");
+    zenith::print("  ZenithOS\n");
+    zenith::print("  Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Daniel Hammer\n");
+    zenith::print("\n");
+
     zenith::print("  Type 'help' for available commands.\n");
     zenith::print("\n");