Allocator improvements, kernel C++ platform, streaming

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -62,6 +62,13 @@
         "streambuf": "cpp",
         "text_encoding": "cpp",
         "thread": "cpp",
-        "cinttypes": "cpp"
+        "cinttypes": "cpp",
+        "bitset": "cpp",
+        "ranges": "cpp",
+        "hash_map": "cpp",
+        "rope": "cpp",
+        "slist": "cpp",
+        "stacktrace": "cpp",
+        "regex": "cpp"
     }
 }

kernel/src/Common/Panic.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 void Panic(const char *meditationString, System::Registers registers) {
     kerr << "=========== Kernel panic ===========" << Kt::newline;
     kerr << meditationString << Kt::newline;
-    
 
     while (true) {
         #if defined (__x86_64__)

kernel/src/Common/Panic.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <System/Registers.hpp>
-#include <KernelTerminal/terminal.hpp>
+#include <Terminal/terminal.hpp>
 
 void Panic(const char *meditationString, System::Registers registers);

kernel/src/Cpp/CppSupport.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/*
+    * C++ new/delete operator
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <Memory/MemoryAllocator.hpp>
+
+void* operator new(std::size_t size)
+{
+    return Memory::g_allocator->Request(size);
+}
+
+void operator delete(void* block)
+{
+    Memory::g_allocator->Free(block);
+}

kernel/src/CppLib/Stream.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+    * stream.cpp
+    * String stream/string writer
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#include "Stream.hpp"
+#include <Memory/MemoryAllocator.hpp>
+#include <Terminal/terminal.hpp>
+#include <Libraries/string.hpp>
+
+kcp::cstringstream::cstringstream()
+{
+    this->string = nullptr;
+    this->size = 0;
+}
+
+kcp::cstringstream& kcp::cstringstream::operator<<(char c) {
+    this->string = (const char *)Memory::g_allocator->Realloc((void *)this->string, this->size + 1);
+
+    if (!this->string)
+    {
+        return *this;
+    }
+    
+    char* ref = (char *)&string[size];
+    *ref = c;
+
+    ref++;
+    *ref = '\0';
+
+    this->size++;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+kcp::cstringstream& kcp::cstringstream::operator<<(char* str) {
+    while (*str != '\0')
+    {
+        *this << *str;
+        str++;
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+kcp::cstringstream& kcp::cstringstream::operator<<(int num) {
+    char* out_str = Lib::int2basestr(num, current_base);
+
+    *this << out_str;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+kcp::cstringstream& kcp::cstringstream::operator<<(uint32_t val) {
+    char* out_str = Lib::uint2basestr(val, current_base);
+
+    *this << out_str;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+kcp::cstringstream& kcp::cstringstream::operator<<(uint64_t val) {
+    char* out_str = Lib::u64_2_basestr(val, current_base);
+
+    *this << out_str;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+kcp::cstringstream& kcp::cstringstream::operator<<(base nb)
+{
+    current_base = nb;
+}
+
+const char* kcp::cstringstream::str() {
+    return this->string;
+}

kernel/src/CppLib/Stream.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+    * stream.hpp
+    * Streaming
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// Kernel C++ Platform
+namespace kcp {
+    enum base
+    {
+        oct = 8,
+        dec = 10,
+        hex = 16
+    };
+
+    class cstringstream {
+        const char* string;
+        std::size_t size;
+
+        base current_base = base::dec;
+
+    public:
+        cstringstream();
+        
+        cstringstream& operator<<(char c);
+        cstringstream& operator<<(char* str);
+
+        cstringstream& operator<<(int num);
+        cstringstream& operator<<(uint32_t val);
+        cstringstream& operator<<(uint64_t val);
+
+        cstringstream& operator<<(base nb);
+
+        const char* str();
+    };
+};

kernel/src/Hal/GDT.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 */
 
 #include "GDT.hpp"
-#include "../KernelTerminal/terminal.hpp"
+#include "../Terminal/terminal.hpp"
 
 // Limine loads a GDT of course, (CS = 0x28) but we will need to make a TSS someday... therefore we load our own now
 

kernel/src/Libraries/Memory.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/*
+    * memory.hpp
+    * Memory function signatures
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+
+// Signatures, defined in main.cpp, probably will move sometime soon
+extern "C"
+{
+    void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, std::size_t n);
+    void *memset(void *s, int c, std::size_t n);
+    void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, std::size_t n);
+    int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, std::size_t n);    
+}

kernel/src/Libraries/string.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Lib
         char * str = (char *)&output;
 
         if (!num) {
-            return "0";
+            return (char *)"0";
         }
 
         char base[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGH"; // IJKLMN ....
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace Lib
         char * str = (char *)&output;
 
         if (!num) {
-            return "0";
+            return (char *)"0";
         }
 
         char base[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGH"; // IJKLMN ....

kernel/src/Memory/Memmap.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "Memmap.hpp"
-#include <KernelTerminal/terminal.hpp>
+#include <Terminal/terminal.hpp>
 #include <Common/Panic.hpp>
 
-#include "PageAllocator.hpp"
+#include "MemoryAllocator.hpp"
 
 using namespace Kt;
 

kernel/src/Memory/MemoryAllocator.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+    * MemoryAllocator.cpp
+    * Heap memory allocator
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
+#include "MemoryAllocator.hpp"
+#include "Memmap.hpp"
+#include "HHDM.hpp"
+
+#include <Libraries/Memory.hpp>
+#include <Terminal/terminal.hpp>
+
+namespace Memory
+{
+#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__)
+#define PAGE_SIZE 0x1000
+#else
+#error Sorry, Unimplemented!
+#endif
+
+    Allocator::Allocator(LargestSection section)
+    {
+        g_section = section;
+
+        Block *current_ref{&head};
+        Block *start_block_ptr {(Block *)HHDM(section.address)};
+        Block& start_block = *start_block_ptr;
+
+        start_block = Block {
+            .size = section.size,
+            .next = nullptr
+        };
+
+        *start_block_ptr = start_block;
+
+        current_ref->next = start_block_ptr;
+
+        kout << "[Mem] Allocator created for memory section starting at 0x" << base::hex << section.address << Kt::newline;
+    }
+
+    int i = 1;
+    void* Allocator::Request(size_t size, bool phys) {                
+        Block* current_block_ptr{head.next};
+        Block* current_prev_ptr{(Block *)&head};
+
+        while (true) {
+            if (current_block_ptr == nullptr) {
+                kerr << "An allocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (1)" << Kt::newline;  
+                return nullptr;              
+            }
+
+            if (current_prev_ptr == nullptr) {
+                kerr << "An allocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (2)" << Kt::newline;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
+            size_t descriptor_size = 8;
+            size_t total_size = size + descriptor_size;
+
+            if (current_block_ptr->size >= total_size) {
+                Block block_copy = *current_block_ptr;
+                BlockDescriptor* descriptor {(BlockDescriptor *)current_block_ptr};
+                descriptor->block_size = size;
+                
+                void* block_start = (void *)(uint64_t)current_block_ptr + descriptor_size;
+
+                if (!block_copy.size) {
+                    current_prev_ptr->next = block_copy.next;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    block_copy.size -= total_size;
+
+                    current_prev_ptr->next = (Block *)(uint64_t)descriptor + total_size;
+                    *current_prev_ptr->next = block_copy;
+                }
+
+                if (phys) {
+                    return (void *)SubHHDM(current_block_ptr);
+                }
+
+                return (void *)block_start;
+            } else {
+                if (current_block_ptr->next != nullptr) {
+                    current_prev_ptr = current_block_ptr;
+                    current_block_ptr = current_block_ptr->next;
+
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    kerr << "An allocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (3)" << Kt::newline;
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (current_block_ptr != nullptr) {
+                if (current_block_ptr->next == nullptr) {
+                    kerr << "An allocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (4)" << Kt::newline;
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
+
+                current_block_ptr = current_block_ptr->next;
+            } else
+            {
+                kerr << "An allocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (5)" << Kt::newline;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void* Allocator::Realloc(void* ptr, size_t size) {
+        void *new_block = this->Request(size);
+
+        if (ptr == nullptr) {
+            return new_block;
+        }
+
+        if (new_block == nullptr) {
+            kerr << "Reallocation failed due to memory starvation" << Kt::newline;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        BlockDescriptor* descriptor = (BlockDescriptor*)((uint64_t)ptr - 8);
+
+        memcpy(new_block, ptr, descriptor->block_size);
+
+        this->Free(ptr);
+
+        return new_block;
+    }
+
+    void Allocator::Free(void *pagePtr) {
+        if (!IsHDDMVirtAddr((uint64_t)pagePtr)) {
+            pagePtr = (void *)HHDM(pagePtr);
+        }
+
+        BlockDescriptor* descriptor_ptr = (BlockDescriptor*)((uint64_t)pagePtr - 8);
+        BlockDescriptor descriptor = *descriptor_ptr;
+
+        Block* fmrNext = head.next;
+        Block* blockPtr = (Block *)pagePtr;
+
+        // Merge the descriptor with the block
+        Block* base = (Block *)((uint64_t)blockPtr - 8);
+        head.next = base;
+
+        // Set the full size
+        base->size = descriptor.block_size + 8;
+
+        // Attach the merged block to the structure
+        head.next->next = fmrNext;
+    }
+
+    void Allocator::Stress() {
+        // ~410 MiB
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+            kout << "[Mem] Stress allocation " << base::dec << i << ": " << "0x" << base::hex << (uint64_t)this->Request(PAGE_SIZE, false) << Kt::newline;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // Traverses the Allocator's linked list for debugging
+    void Allocator::Walk() {
+        Block* current = {head.next};
+        size_t i{0};
+
+        while (current != nullptr) {
+            kout << "Block " << base::dec << i << " {" << current->size << " bytes & address 0x" << base::hex << (uint64_t)current << "}" << Kt::newline;
+            current = current->next;
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+};

kernel/src/Memory/MemoryAllocator.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "Memmap.hpp"
 
 namespace Memory {
-    class PageAllocator {
+    class Allocator {
         LargestSection g_section;
 
         struct Block {
@@ -10,15 +10,20 @@ namespace Memory {
             Block* next;
         };
 
+        struct BlockDescriptor {
+            size_t block_size;
+        };
+
         Block head;
     public:
-        PageAllocator(LargestSection section);
-        void* RequestPage(bool phys = false);
+        Allocator(LargestSection section);
+        void* Request(size_t size, bool phys = false);
+        void* Realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);
         void Free(void *pagePtr);
 
         void Stress();
         void Walk();
     };
 
-    extern PageAllocator* KernelPFA;
+    extern Allocator* g_allocator;
 };

kernel/src/Memory/PageAllocator.cpp

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-#include "PageAllocator.hpp"
-#include "Memmap.hpp"
-#include "HHDM.hpp"
-
-#include <KernelTerminal/terminal.hpp>
-
-namespace Memory
-{
-#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__)
-#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
-#else
-#error Sorry, Unimplemented!
-#endif
-
-    PageAllocator::PageAllocator(LargestSection section)
-    {
-        g_section = section;
-
-        size_t pages = g_section.size / PAGE_SIZE;
-        Block *current_ref{&head};
-        Block *start_block_ptr {(Block *)HHDM(section.address)};
-        Block& start_block = *start_block_ptr;
-
-        start_block = Block {
-            .size = section.size,
-            .next = nullptr
-        };
-
-        *start_block_ptr = start_block;
-
-        current_ref->next = start_block_ptr;
-
-        kout << "[Mem] PageAllocator created for memory section starting at 0x" << Kt::base::hex << section.address << Kt::newline;
-    }
-
-    void* PageAllocator::RequestPage(bool phys) {        
-        bool found_block = false;
-        
-        Block* current_block_ptr{head.next};
-        Block* current_prev_ptr{(Block *)&head};
-
-        while (!found_block) {
-            if (current_block_ptr == nullptr) {
-                kerr << "A PageAllocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (1)" << Kt::newline;  
-                return nullptr;              
-            }
-
-            if (current_prev_ptr == nullptr) {
-                kerr << "A PageAllocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (2)" << Kt::newline;
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            
-            if (current_block_ptr->size >= 0x1000) { // 0x1000 == 4096
-                current_block_ptr->size -= 0x1000;
-
-                if (!current_block_ptr->size) {
-                    current_prev_ptr->next = current_block_ptr->next;
-                    return (void *)current_block_ptr;
-                }
-
-                Block block_copy = *current_block_ptr;
-
-                current_prev_ptr->next = (Block *)(uint64_t)current_block_ptr + 0x1000;
-                *current_prev_ptr->next = block_copy;
-
-                if (phys) {
-                    return (void *)SubHHDM(current_block_ptr);
-                }
-
-                return (void *)current_block_ptr;
-            } else {
-                if (current_block_ptr->next != nullptr) {
-                    current_prev_ptr = current_block_ptr;
-                    current_block_ptr = current_block_ptr->next;
-                } else {
-                    kerr << "A PageAllocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (3)" << Kt::newline;
-                    return nullptr;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (current_block_ptr != nullptr) {
-                if (current_block_ptr->next == nullptr) {
-                    kerr << "A PageAllocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (4)" << Kt::newline;
-                    return nullptr;
-                }
-
-                current_block_ptr = current_block_ptr->next;
-            } else
-            {
-                kerr << "A PageAllocator was forced to return a Null pointer. (5)" << Kt::newline;
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    void PageAllocator::Free(void *pagePtr) {
-        if (!IsHDDMVirtAddr((uint64_t)pagePtr)) {
-            pagePtr = (void *)HHDM(pagePtr);
-        }
-
-        Block* fmrNext = head.next;
-
-        Block* blockPtr = (Block *)pagePtr;
-
-        head.next = blockPtr;
-        head.next->size = 0x1000;
-
-        head.next->next = fmrNext;
-    }
-
-    void PageAllocator::Stress() {
-        // ~410 MiB
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
-            kout << "[Mem] Stress allocation " << Kt::base::dec << i << ": " << "0x" << Kt::base::hex << (uint64_t)Memory::KernelPFA->RequestPage(false) << Kt::newline;
-        }
-    }
-    
-    // Traverses the PageAllocator's linked list for debugging
-    void PageAllocator::Walk() {
-        Block* current = {head.next};
-        size_t i{0};
-
-        while (current != nullptr) {
-            kout << "Block " << Kt::base::dec << i << " {" << current->size << " bytes & address 0x" << Kt::base::hex << (uint64_t)current << "}" << Kt::newline;
-            current = current->next;
-            i++;
-        }
-    }
-};

kernel/src/Terminal/terminal.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 
 #include <Libraries/string.hpp>
+#include <CppLib/Stream.hpp>
+
+using namespace kcp;
 
 namespace Kt
 {
@@ -21,13 +24,6 @@ namespace Kt
     void Putchar(char c);
     void Print(const char *text);
 
-    enum base
-    {
-        oct = 8,
-        dec = 10,
-        hex = 16
-    };
-
     inline base base_custom(int custom)
     {
         return (base)custom;

kernel/src/main.cpp

@@ -1,19 +1,27 @@
+/*
+    * main.cpp
+    * Kernel entry point
+    * Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Hammer
+*/
+
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <limine.h>
 
 #include <Hal/GDT.hpp>
-#include <KernelTerminal/terminal.hpp>
+#include <Terminal/terminal.hpp>
 #include <Libraries/string.hpp>
 #include <Efi/UEFI.hpp>
 #include <Common/Panic.hpp>
 #include <Memory/Memmap.hpp>
-#include <Memory/PageAllocator.hpp>
+#include <Memory/MemoryAllocator.hpp>
+
+#include <CppLib/Stream.hpp>
 
 using namespace Kt;
 
 namespace Memory {
-    PageAllocator* KernelPFA;
+    Allocator* g_allocator;
     uint64_t HHDMBase;
 };
 
@@ -212,14 +220,6 @@ extern "C" void kmain() {
         fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 5*5)] = 0xFF0000; // Red
         fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 10*5)] = 0x00FF00; // Green
         fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 15*5)] = 0x0000FF; // Blue
-
-        // fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 20*5)] = 0xFF0000; // Red
-        // fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 25*5)] = 0x00FF00; // Green
-        // fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 30*5)] = 0x0000FF; // Blue
-
-        // fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 35*5)] = 0xFF0000; // Red
-        // fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 40*5)] = 0x00FF00; // Green
-        // fb_ptr[i * (framebuffer->pitch / 4) + (i - 45*5)] = 0x0000FF; // Blue
     }
 
     uint64_t hhdm_offset = hhdm_request.response->offset;
@@ -235,15 +235,15 @@ extern "C" void kmain() {
     }
 
     if (memmap_request.response != nullptr) {
-        auto result = Memory::Scan(memmap_request.response);
-        auto allocator = Memory::PageAllocator(result);
+        kout << "[Mem] Creating Allocator for system conventional memory" << newline;
 
-        kout << "[Mem] Creating PageAllocator for system conventional memory" << newline;
-        Memory::KernelPFA = &allocator;
+        auto result = Memory::Scan(memmap_request.response);
+        auto allocator = Memory::Allocator(result);
+
+        Memory::g_allocator = &allocator;
     } else {
         Panic("Guru Meditation Error: System memory map missing!", System::Registers{});
     }
 
-    
     hcf();
 }